We present a model based on congestion pricing for resource control in wireless CDMA networks carrying traffic streams that have fixed-rate requirements, but can adapt their signal quality. Our model considers the resource usage constraint in the uplink of CDMA networks, and does not differentiate users based on their distance from the base station. We compare our model with other economic mode...

Combining a set of existing constraint solvers into an integrated system of cooperating solvers is a useful and economic principle to solve hybrid constraint problems. In this paper we show that this approach can also be used to integrate different language paradigms into a unified framework. Furthermore, we study the syntactic, semantic and operational impacts of this idea for the amalgamation...

This paper introduces a formal approach to the specification of constraint-aware model transformation which is suitable for language translation. The proposed approach extends graph transformations with the ability to specify and transform constraints by transformation rules. In particular, it uses non-deleting rules which are typed over the metamodel of a joined language which is constructed f...

an indirect tarns-log production function was employed to estimate the demand functions for such inputs as: fertilizer, seed, pesticide, water recourse and machinery as subject to budget constraint and while using data related to cotton producers in the three provinces of north khorasan, khorasane razavi, and south khorasan in 2007-8. lagrange coefficients with relation to cotton producers in t...

Financial markets use complex computer trading systems whose failures can cause serious economic damage, making reliability a major concern. Automated random testing has been shown to be useful in finding defects in these systems, but its inherent test oracle problem (automatic generation of the expected system output) is a drawback that has typically prevented its application on a larger scale...

Aspect-Oriented Modeling (AOM) is a promising technique for untangling the concerns of complex enterprise software systems. AOM decomposes the cross-cutting concerns of a model into separate models that can be woven together to form a composite solution model. In many domains, such as multi-tiered e-commerce web applications, separating concerns is much easier than deducing the proper way to we...

this study investigated the efficiency of wheat farms in sistan province. the data consisted of 50 samples from crop producers in the sistan region. using the simple sampling method, the data was collected by completing the questionnaires. to evaluate the farm efficiencies, the two approaches of the “data envelopment analysis” and the “optimization model including parameters to control for the ...

Tightening financial regulation squeezes banking activities into the shadow banking sector, which may hurt financial stability and production (Plantin, 2014). Unlike Plantin’s work, we investigate regulations that reduce banks’ leverage and dampen financial amplification effects. Moreover, our paper studies the trade-off between economic growth and financial stability in light of shadow banking...

The process industries are characterized by a large number of continuously operating plants, for which optimal operation is of economic importance. However, optimal operation is particularly difficult to achieve when the process model used in the optimization is inaccurate or in the presence of process disturbances. In highly automated plants, optimal operation is typically addressed by a decis...

We present the solution of a portfolio optimization problem for an economic agent endowed with a stochastic insurable stream, under a liquidity constraint over the time interval [0, T ]. Generally, the existence of labor income complicates the agent’s decisions. Moreover, in the real world the economic agents are restricted in their ability to borrow against their future labor income. We deal w...