introduction: while little is known about the molecular mechanisms that establish the apical growth patterns in fungal mycelia, recent research on the genetics of a. nidulans and n. crassa has provided considerable amount information on some genes involving in polarised cell growth. a.nidulans is particularly amenable to experimental analysis and is importantly related to other human pathogen f...

two peroxidases (ec. 1.11.1.7), pod i and pod ii were purified from the roots of cultivatedraphanus sativus l. var. cicil by one step ion-exchange chromatography after fractionation by acetone. the molecular weight of these enzymes were 43000 and 41000 daltons and rz 1.2 and 2.0 for pod i and pod ii, respectively. both enzymes consisted of a single polypeptide chain on sds-page. the maximum act...

This study focuses on the characterization of the technical and economic feasibility of an enclosed photobioreactor microalgae system with annual production of 37.85 million liters (10 million gallons) of biofuel. The analysis characterizes and breaks down the capital investment and operating costs and the production cost of unit of algal diesel. The economic modelling shows total cost of produ...

We characterize a class of collective choice rules such that collective preference relations are consistent. Consistency is a weakening of transitivity and a strengthening of acyclicity requiring that there be no cycles with at least one strict preference, which excludes the possibility of a “money pump.” The properties of collective choice rules used in our characterization are unrestricted do...

We study the perfect type-contingently public ex-post equilibrium (PTXE) of repeated games where players observe imperfect public signals of the actions played, and both the payoff functions and the map from actions to signal distributions depends on an unknown state. The PTXE payoffs when players are patient are determined by the solutions to a family of linear programming problems. Using this...

We present an axiomatic characterization of the Owen-Shapley spatial power index for the case where issues are elements of two-dimensional space. This characterization employs a version of the transfer condition, which enables us to unravel a spatial game into spatial games connected to unanimity games. The other axioms are spatial versions of anonymity and dummy, and two conditions concerned p...

In this paper, we provide an axiomatic characterization of social welfare functions for uncertain incomes. Our most general result is that a small number of reasonable assumptions regarding welfare orderings under uncertainty rule out pure ex ante as well as pure ex post evaluations. Any social welfare function that satisfies these axioms should lie strictly between the ex ante and the ex post ...

An equitable coloring of a graph G is a proper coloring of the vertices of G such that color classes differ in size by at most one. In this note, we verify the equitable coloring conjecture [W. Meyer, Amer. Math. Monthly 80 (1973), 920–922] for some classes of graphs which are defined by forbidden induced subgraphs using known results.

A graph G on n vertices is pancyclic if G contains cycles of all lengths`for 3 ` n and G is cycle extendable if for every nonhamiltonian cycle C G there is a cycle C 0 G such that V (C) V (C 0) and jV (C 0) n V (C)j = 1. We prove that (i) every 2-connected K 1;3-free graph is pancyclic, if G is P 5-free and n 6, if G is P 6-free and n 10, or if G is P 7-free, deer-free and n 14, and (ii) every ...

A set A of vertices of a graph G is called d-scattered in G if no two d-neighborhoods of (distinct) vertices of A intersect. In other words, A is d-scattered if no two distinct vertices of A have distance at most 2d. This notion was isolated in the context of finite model theory by Gurevich and recently it played a prominent role in the study of homomorphism preservation theorems for special cl...