Debate over the consequences of marine reserve implementation has long focused on tradeoffs between ecological improvements from reserves and possible economic losses from reduced harvest. More recently, several articles suggest instead that reserves might generate economic as well as ecological benefits (1; 2; 3; 4). In particular Hastings and Botsford demonstrate that, even without any ecolog...

2.1 Investment in education has played a central role in Sri Lankan government policy for several generations. Key aims of public education policy have included: (i) enhancing economic equity; (ii) promoting inter-generational social mobility; (iii) increasing labor productivity and earnings through human capital accumulation; and (iv) producing a healthy and prosperous society. The economic an...

The article upholds snail farming as activities that aim to grow industrial species of snails with the deriving products for direct human consumption or further processing. While global agricultural systems are prompted produce more food feed growing population, scientists and policy makers have often focused on plant higher animals such livestock. However, discussions involving livestock been ...

background: air pollution in tehran is widely recognized as a serious environmental challenge, posing significant threats to the health of the resident population. improving air quality will be difficult for many reasons, including climate and topography, heavy dependence on motor vehicles for mobility, and limited resources to reduce polluting emissions. consequently, it is useful to have info...

This study investigates the carbon sequestration potential and co-benefits from policies aimed at retiring agricultural land in the Upper Mississippi River Basin, a large, heavily agricultural area. We extend the empirical measurement of co-benefits from the previous focus on environmental benefits to include economic transfers. These transfers have often been mentioned as a co-benefit, but lit...