Women form half the population and many spaces in cities are used more by them. Women, as a large and active group, use the most possible of the system in cities due to their time constraints. Therefore, the special survey of their traffic patterns in urban public spaces and in particular, the public transportation and bus network of the city have a significant role in increasing the prosperity...

Introduction Given the influential role of government actions and policies in the development of rural housing, plans and programs related to housing development, should be approached by holistic approach, In keeping with the villagers' needs, while upgrading the fortification of the houses, preserving the native architecture in terms of the aesthetics and functional diversity of the various r...

During a very long period of time, civil engineers have been the only ones to be designated as the experts for underground space, while the planners and architects were the ones of the development at the surface. Cities worldwide tend to overlook an invaluable asset that lies beneath their surfaces. Most cities and urban regions are unaware of the benefits underground space use has to offer, bo...

Rural housing is the most primitive and original form of housing for people with fixed habitation. It has developed and expanded due to the changes in the forms of nomadism, especially those that occurred based on agriculture and animal husbandry. of the society— are influential in encouraging economic changes. This study seeks to understand Rural housing reflects the concept that the spaces of...

abstract nowadaysphotovoltaic solar cells (pvs) areacknowledged the fastest growing energy technology in the word, however, they only account for only fraction of current global renewable energy capacity. it isrecognized that this incomplete market penetration has been largely a result of the technology’sexcessive cost. so researchers are trying to find innovative, economic way with theaim of ...

on- the-job training on of the most effective tools for managers to cope with the changing organizational environment. it grantess suitable services to customers, particularly in public service enterprises. if such training os goal oriented, planned systematically, and tailored to the employees, job content, then not only it could increase employees and organizational performance, but also it c...

In this paper, the management of Islamic cities in the urban economic spaces and also the contemporary cities are viewed from three different looks: First, the history of urban management through corporate institutions; second,  the modern systems in European and American cities such as BID (Business Improvement District); and third, structural changes and urban management in the business sp...