To date, multiple hypotheses have been proposed for the Scottish effect and, more specifically, Glasgow's high mortality rate and the associated Glasgow effect. Previous authors have highlighted the improbability of a single factor as responsible for this effect with seventeen possible hypotheses presented. These have ranged from socio-economic factors, lifestyle and cultural factors such as se...

Background. One of the most important elements of life are physical activity and sport: these are the basis of health during life. In order for society to benefit from the advantages of physical activity and sport, it is necessary to know the factors influencing this phenomenon. Objectives. The purpose of this paper is to design a sport development model in the free trade-industrial zones of I...

the main challenge of developing countries, is achieving growth and development. review of economic growth literature shows that the quality of institutions and social infrastructure are important factors that influence the economic growth and development. also many analysts believe that between institutional factors, the rule of law is one of the most elements for appropriate system for invest...

Today, the role of government is considered so much precise regulations, foresight and initiative of the public sector in the economy can trigger market growth. But usually because the private sector activity is affected by interactions of the market and government, markets' development process is slow and governmental clubs have become a consumer of financial resources by their inefficient fun...

In a model where enhanced economic activity (accumulation of produced capital) leads to environmental effects (depletion of natural capital), competitive steady states corresponding to different discount rates are compared. For positive discount rates, the steady state stock of produced capital may exceed the size maximizing sustainable consumption. This implies paradoxical consumption behavior...

as the urban population increases in major cities of iran, many of them face different issues. in iran, new towns are built and located near cities to absorb their overflow population. golbahar new town was built near mashhad metropolis to reduce demographic, economic, social and physical problems of mashhad, but in practice considering its goals, the town has not been able to reduce the proble...