abderaz formation is one of the upper cretaceous formations in the kopet-dagh sedimentary basin. a stratigraphic section from the mentioned formation is selected for detailed systematic description with regard to echinoids. numerous well preserved representatives of the families mircrasteridae wright, 1857 and echinocorythidae lambert, 1920 are described from the ghaleh-zoo stratigraphic sectio...

The spatangoid genus Schizaster Agassiz is recorded, for the first time, from the Lutetian (Middle Eocene) deposits of Sargaz area, south of Kerman, Iran. The Lutetian sediments of Sargaz region contain a rich and divers echinoid fauna represented by Cidaridae, Conoclypeidae, Echinolampadidae, Toxopneustidae, Phymosomatidae and Schizasteridae. Schizasteroid echinoids are an important component ...

Echinoids fauna are common and distributed in the Lower Miocene deposits of the Bagher Abad area, northeast Isfahan, Central Iran.There are six Echinoid taxa belonging to the Echinoidea Class that can be described as: Clypeaster intermedius, Prinocidaris sp. andspines related to: Eucidaris zaemays, Stylocidaris Polyacantha, Spatangoid sp. and Prinocidaris sp. Bivalves, Foraminifers,Bryozoans, B...

The inability to predict long noncoding RNAs from genomic sequence has impeded the use of comparative genomics for studying their biology. Here, we develop methods that use RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data to annotate the transcriptomes of 16 vertebrates and the echinoid sea urchin, uncovering thousands of previously unannotated genes, most of which produce long intervening noncoding RNAs (lincRNA...

Echinoderms are prone to large population fluctuations that can be mediated by pervasive disease events. For the majority of echinoderm disease events the causative pathogen is unknown. Viruses have only recently been explored as potential pathogens using culture-independent techniques though little information currently exists on echinoderm viruses. In this study, ten circular ssDNA viruses we...

The identification of species present in an ecosystem and the assessment a faunistic inventory is first step any ecological survey conservation effort. Thanks to technological progress, DNA barcoding has sped up great support morphological taxonomy. In this work, we used “Reverse Taxonomy” approach, where molecular (DNA barcoding) analyses were followed by (skeletal features) ones determine spe...