Americans spend between $3.5 and $5 billion annually on herbal treatments, and nearly 50 million individuals currently report use of botanical supplements. With so many herbal products on the market, it is imperative that physicians thoroughly question patients with regard to supplement use. Physicians must understand the benefits and risks associated with medicinal herbs and counsel patients a...

Imunitas merupakan suatu reaksi pertahanan tubuh terhadap bahan asing, terdapat kondisi dimana sistem imun dapat terganggu sehingga menyebabkan penyakit seperti autoimun, alergi, dan imunodefisiensi. Saat ini obat sintetik yang mengobati kelainan imun, tetapi sintesik memiliki efek samping. Sehingga diperlukan pengobatan alternatif penggunaannya dinilai lebih aman. Asteraceae suku tumbuhan terb...

BACKGROUND Nitrites are mainly used in food preservation. These materials could change to nitrosamine due to the effect of heat and gastric acid. Nitrosamine is absorbed in intestine and enters the liver and hepatocytes by portal venous system, and hampers the detoxification system of liver by interfering in cytochrome P450 enzymes, so, the liver gently proceeds to cirrhosis and cancer. OBJEC...

Since years ago, phytopharmaceutical drugs have been used by various societies, as a traditional treatment. Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae) is the best known of the dozen or so species of the genus Echinacea, a group of perennial prairie wildflowers native to the central grasslands of North American. E. purpurea is cultivated widely throughout the United states, Canada and Europe, although it h...

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets lead to significant economic losses in livestock husbandry. A high morbidity has been reported for diarrhea (calves ≤ 35%; piglets ≤ 50%) and for respiratory diseases (calves ≤ 80%; piglets ≤ 40%). Despite a highly diverse etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases, treatment with antimicrobials is often the first-li...

To enhance the genetic resource base of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, a tetraploid was developed by treating seeds with different concentrations of colchicine. For further multiplication, in vitro micropropagation through adventitious shoot induction and proliferation was achieved. Shoot buds were induced directly on adaxial surface of mature leaf tissues growing on MS medium supplemented wit...

this experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different levels of echinacea (echinacea purpurea) methanol extract on the growth performances (final weight (fw), daily growth ratio (dgr), feed conversion rate (fcr), voluntary feed intake (vfi) and protein efficiency ratio (per) and some of hematological parameters (hemoglobin (hb), hematocrit (hct), red blood cell (rbc) and white blo...