N Engl J Med 2014;370:e4. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMvcm1300964 Copyright © 2014 Massachusetts Medical Society. Overview Endotracheal extubation refers to the removal of an endotracheal tube from the trachea. This procedure is commonly performed in operating rooms, postanesthesia care units, and intensive care units. This review focuses on extubation of the trachea after general anesthesia and short-term...

The goal of safe airway management is to maintain a patent airway. Lack of knowledge of the anatomical morphology and changes that may occur in the upper airway during sedation and unconsciousness may lead to critical incidents and hazardous complications. This review focuses on the risks of sedation and analgesia and changes in wakefulness on airway patency in spontaneously breathing patients....

Inhalation injury greatly increases the incidence of respiratory failure and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. It is also the cause of most early deaths in burn victims. The aim of our research was to study the incidence, early diagnosis, complications, and management of inhalation injury and to discuss the relation between inhalation injury and death in burn patients.This study included...

Inhalation injury greatly increases the incidence of respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. It is also the cause of most early deaths in burn victims. The aim of this research is to study the incidence, early diagnosis, complications, and management of inhalation injury and to discuss the relationship between inhalation injury and death in burn patients. The study included...

background: considering that complications and outcome of each method of pediatric inguinal hernia repair are one of the determinants for pediatric surgeons for selection of the appropriate surgical technique, we compared the early and late complications of two inguinal repair techniques, with and without opening the external oblique muscle fascia. materials and methods: in this double-blind cl...

Endotracheal intubation is widely used for airway management in a prehospital setting, despite a lack of controlled trials demonstrating a positive effect on survival or neurological outcome in adult patients. The benefits, in term of outcomes of invasive airway management before reaching hospital, remain controversial. However, inadequate airway management in this patient population is the pri...

Introduction. Foreign body impaction (FBI) in the esophagus can be a serious condition, which can have a high mortality among children and adults, if appropriate diagnosis and treatment are not instituted urgently. 80-90% of all foreign bodies trapped in the esophagus usually pass spontaneously through the digestive tract, without any medical or surgical intervention. 10-20% of them will need a...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS There is a paucity of experience in the published literature documenting complications of powered surgical instruments in laryngologic surgery. Our objective was to ascertain the nature of these complications from expert opinion and review of the literature, and to recommend strategies to decrease major complications. STUDY DESIGN Review of the literature and an e-mail s...

Post-anesthesia stridor due to laryngospasm, laryngeal edema, or any other organic cause is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate intervention. The very rare functional psychogenic following emergence from general anesthesia may sometimes mimic an cause, but it neither fatal nor require airway management. However, if the not diagnosed timely, lead unnecessary manipulation of airway, ...

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare disease that is characterized by recurrent inflammation and destruction of cartilage and connective tissues. RP can have significant airway pathology that may require procedures to maintain airway patency and thus may have serious implications for anesthesiologists. Anesthesiologists must be prepared to deal with the possible complications that may occur ...