The author of this article draws special attention to two particular claims the free bankers concerning supposed working characteristics a fractional-reserve banking system which may strike reader as questionable. first these relates alleged absence real-balance effect under banking. second bankers’ reference Walras’ Law providing rationale for system’s «offsetting» actions when confronted with...

following changes in economic fields, monetary transmission mechanism has been equipped with different approaches. for example, introducing and then applying the first draft of basel committee’s capital requirement has portrayed new horizon in the monetary transmission mechanism discussions. while as the first step, it has been emphasized on the static role of bank’s capital; as the second step...

We read the article of Brethauer et al. (1) with great interest. Gastric bypass surgery in type 1 diabetes has previously not been well studied except for a small number of case reports. We recently reported on the effects of gastric bypass surgery on severely obese females with type 1 diabetes during short-term followup (2). We found significant reductions in both the basal insulin rate as wel...

Financial statements of nineteen mature banks have been patronized to examine the impact of macroeconomic indicators and bank-specific determinants on the NPLs ratio through Quantile and Panel Data regression approaches. The impact of macroeconomic indicators on credit risk is statistically estimated for banking network via two directions. First, different quantiles are econometrically calculat...

Reliable measures of the size and direction of changes in monetary policy are very crucial for examining the effects of monetary policy on the economy. Monetary Condition Index (MCI) can be used as a tool to assess the stance of monetary policy. This index is defined as the weighted average of different monetary transmission mechanism relative to their values in a base period. The weights in MC...