E2-2 belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. E2-2 associates with inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) 1, which is involved in angiogenesis. In this paper, we demonstrate that E2-2 interacts with Id1 and provide evidence that this interaction potentiates angiogenesis. Mutational analysis revealed that the HLH domain of E2-2 is required for the interaction with Id1...

The steroid 17β-estradiol (E2) is well known to influence hippocampal functions such as memory, affective behaviors, and epilepsy. There is growing awareness that in addition to responding to ovarian E2, the hippocampus of both males and females synthesizes E2 as a neurosteroid that could acutely modulate synaptic function. Previous work on acute E2 actions in the hippocampus has focused on exc...

this study focused on hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic index and levels of plasma 17β-estradiol (e2), vitellogenin (vtg) and total protein and determined the localization of vtg in the liver during vitellogenesis in female chalcalburnus tarichi, an endemic cyprinid species living in the lake van, turkey. the levels of plasma e2, vtg and total protein in female fish increased during vitellogenesi...

We investigated the regulatory effect of tamoxifen (TAM) on fibronectin (FN) expression in estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. in vitro, MCF-7 cells were cultured with 17beta-estradiol (E2) and/or TAM. In the animal experiment in vivo, MCF-7 tumors were grown in ovariectomized athymic mice by implanting a sustained release E2 pellet. The E2 pellets were re...

Concentrations of estradiol (E2) are high in the urine of male marmosets, and links between E2 and paternal behavior have been proposed in black tufted-ear marmosets, Callithrix kuhlii. However, it is not clear whether urinary E2 in male marmosets: 1) represents production of E2 associated with testicular activity, 2) is associated with adrenal steroid production, or 3) merely reflects peripher...

17β-estradiol (E2) exerts complex and context-dependent effects in pulmonary hypertension. In hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH), E2 attenuates lung vascular remodeling through estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent effects; however, ER target genes in the hypoxic lung remain unknown. In order to identify the genome regulated by the E2-ER axis in the hypoxic lung, we performed a microarray ...

BACKGROUND: The classic model of estrogen action requires that the estrogen receptor (ER) activates gene expression by binding directly or indirectly to DNA. Recent studies, however, strongly suggest that ER can act through nongenomic signal transduction pathways and may be mediated by a membrane bound form of the ER. Estradiol covalently linked to membrane impermeable BSA (E2-BSA) has been wid...

17β-Estradiol (E2) is a multifunctional steroid hormone in modulating metabolism in vivo. Previous studies have reported that E2 could promote insulin secretion and protect β cells from apoptosis. In this study, the partial pancreatectomy (PPx) model was used to study the role of E2 in islet cell proliferation. The animals were divided into four groups, including sham control, PPx model, E2, an...

In this paper n is a natural number. One can prove the following propositions: (1) For every non empty subset X of E2 T and for every compact subset Y of E2 T such that X ⊆ Y holds N-boundX ¬ N-boundY. (2) For every non empty subset X of E2 T and for every compact subset Y of E2 T such that X ⊆ Y holds E-boundX ¬ E-boundY. (3) For every non empty subset X of E2 T and for every compact subset Y ...

The papillomavirus E2 protein functions in viral transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, and episomal genome maintenance. Viral genomes are maintained in dividing cells by attachment to mitotic chromosomes by means of the E2 protein. To investigate the chromosomal tethering function of E2, plasmid stability assays were developed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine whether the E2 prote...