Kaiser Permanente Clinical Review Criteria are developed to assist in administering plan benefits. These criteria neither offer medical advice nor guarantee coverage. Kaiser Permanente reserves the exclusive right to modify, revoke, suspend or change any or all of these Review Criteria, at Kaiser Permanente's sole discretion, at any time, with or without notice. Member contracts differ in their...

BACKGROUND Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare neurologic complication of lumbar herniated disc for which emergency surgical decompression should be undertaken. Despite the common belief that the restoration of functions that are affected by CES can take several years postoperatively, follow up seldom exceeds the first year after surgery. Long term outcome of especially micturition, defecatio...

BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrated that constipation and painful defecation are associated with stool toileting refusal (STR), but whether they are the result of STR or occur before this behavior is not known. OBJECTIVE To determine whether constipation and painful defecation occur as a result of STR or occur before STR. METHODS Three hundred eighty children between 17 and 19 months o...

Caenorhabditis elegans defecation is a rhythmic behavior, composed of three sequential muscle contractions, with a 50-s periodicity. The motor program is driven by oscillatory calcium signaling in the intestine. Proton fluxes, which require sodium-proton exchangers at the apical and basolateral intestinal membranes, parallel the intestinal calcium flux. These proton shifts are critical for defe...

Pathogen expulsion from the gut is an important defense strategy against infection, but little is known about how interaction between the intestinal microbiome and host immunity modulates defecation. In Drosophila melanogaster, dual oxidase (Duox) kills pathogenic microbes by generating the microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in response to bacterially excreted ...

Stunting is a nutritional problem in Indonesia that cross-sectoral due to its complex and multifactor causal factors. The government has role of involvement capacity stunting reduction interventions. One the determinants Aceh Singkil District open defecation which an indicator WASH (Water, Sanitation, Hygiene) contributes incidence inflammatory diseases. This study aims analyze determinant with...

Routine ultrasonography examination may miss fetal defecation and if seen it can be a source of misinterpretation which can lead to a wrong diagnose and management of pregnancy. We report two rare cases of fetal defecation in the second trimester and we describe 3D sonographic findings associated with this condition.

BACKGROUND Constipation is a prominent lower gastrointestinal tract dysfunction that occurs frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE To investigate colonic transport and dynamic rectoanal behaviour during filling and defecation in patients with PD. METHODS Colonic transit time (CTT) and rectoanal videomanometry analyses were performed in 12 patients with PD (10 men and 2 women; mea...

constipation is a common complaint affecting a considerable part of the population in the western world [1]. compared to men, women suffer more from this ailment [2]. usually, more than one factor is involved. lack of fiber in the diet, the presence of hemorrhoids or rectocele have all been incriminated to cause constipation or else exacerbate it. while bearing down causes some degree of perine...