The countercyclical monetary policy is a policy that economists recommend to adopt in order to slow down the economic fluctuations. The aim of this study is to address the question that, in the presence of fiscal dominance and considering institutional quality (IQL), what the optimal monetary policy should be during the business cycles? To find the appropriate answer, first, in the framework of...

This paper examines monetary and fiscal policy through the estimation of a New-Keynesian dynamic general equilibrium model for Iran’s economy. In this New-Keynesian dynamic general equilibrium model, the consumers encounter the liquidity constraint and the firms face sticky prices, while they are changing them. In the model presented, a role is considered for both government spending and taxati...

One interpretation of the RBC research program is that it was meant to identify and incorporate into dynamic general equilibrium models those market imperfections which are most relevant for macroeconomic theory and policy. This paper reviews the methodological basis for this interpretation. It then discusses the empirical foundations for some of the many frictions that have found their way int...

T he world economy has experienced a bulk of positive and negative shocks in crude oil prices and exchange rates over the years, and that global inflation has undergone some changes. Such shocks have affected the macroeconomic variables in the countries of the world and have challenged the economies of these countries, and have led them to take different measures to protect themselves agai...

We analyse a single sector economy with H > 1 infinitely-lived agents that operate in a continuous-time framework. Utility functions are recursive but not additive. Both efficient and perfect foresight competitive equilibrium allocations are considered. The existence and stability of such allocations are investigated locally, i.e., in a neighbourhood of steady-state allocations. The model is sh...

General discrete one-dimensional stochastic models to describe the transport of single molecules along coupled parallel lattices with period N are developed. Theoretical analysis that allows to calculate explicitly the steady-state dynamic properties of single molecules, such as mean velocity V and dispersion D, is presented for N=1 and N=2 models. For the systems with N>2 exact analytic expres...