1. The dynamic properties of the microcircuitry formed by cones and horizontal cells in the isolated goldfish retina were studied. Cones project to horizontal cells and horizontal cells feed back to cones via a relatively slow negative feedback pathway. 2. The time constant of the feedback signal in cones and of the effect this feedback signal had on the responses of second-order neurons was de...

Near-field scanning optical microscopy enables the simultaneous topographical and subdiffraction limited optical imaging of surfaces. A process is presented for the implementation of single individually engineered gold cones at the tips of atomic force microscopy cantilevers. These cantilevers act as novel high-performance optical near-field probes. In the fabrication, thin-film metallization, ...

objectives: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the resistance to fatigue failure of five different nickel-titanium rotary files in three different curved trajectories. materials and methods: a total of 150 neoniti a1, race 25.06, mtwo 25.06, twisted file 25.06 and protaper next x2 files with the tip size of 25 were tested (n=30 for each group). three groove types simulating curved canals...

While the propagation and refraction of waves and shocks which constitute Mach cones have been well studied in continuous slowly varying stratified media such as gases, liquids, and solids, here we investigate these processes at the kinetic, discrete (or "molecular") level in a complex plasma where the stratification scale is of the order of the damping length. The shape of Mach cones formed by...

Abstract A novel non-contact detecting method of aero-engine blade tip clearance based on an optical fiber sensing system is presented. To eliminate the sensor measurement error caused by slight change reflectivity value mechanical end face when light source angle fluctuates and rotates, a three-coil coaxial bundle proposed. Relevant experimental results show that has advantages high sensitivit...

Background: The technique of vertical dome division or tip defining, involves incising the lateral crura and vestibular skin at or lateral to the dome or tip defining point. The incision di-vides the lower lateral cartilage into a lateral segment and a medial segment, which are advanced anteriorly and sutured together to increase tip projection. The present study aimed at assessing a new vertic...

TCV (Turnip crinkle virus) coat protein is required for the resistance response in Arabidopsis thaliana Di-17 plants. An aspartate→asparagine mutation at amino acid four of the coat protein is sufficient to result in resistance-breaking. To determine the essential chemical properties responsible for the induction of resistance, a series of site-directed mutants were produced. Serine as well as ...

OBJECTIVES To quantify the changes in the strength of nasal tip support associated with various surgical modifications and to identify the procedures that best maintain or augment tip support. DESIGN Case study in 2 phases. Phase 1 included 10 patients undergoing primary rhinoplasty, 5 undergoing secondary rhinoplasty, and 5 control patients. Fresh cadavers were used in phase 2. A purpose-bui...