The 1988 Brazilian Constitution guarantees the right to life, freedom, health, work, housing, leisure, assistance homeless, among others, as well security. Public security is a complex issue with peculiarities that evolve society, and it constitutional right. In military regime of 1964, fundamentals were repressed restricted. With inauguration civilian president, Brazil takes scope, formation d...

The investigation of Plasmopara viticola, that spends most of its life cycle inside of leaves, requires specific staining techniques. It is desirable to visualize both, host cells and parasitic structures, given their silimar chemical constitutions, especially in reference to the cell wall. On the basis of appropriate staining procedures it was possible to demonstrate parasitic structures durin...

Apolitical leader’s temptation to deny costly debts to past supporters is a central moral-hazard problem in politics. This paper develops a game-theoretic model to probe the consequences of this moral-hazard problem for leaders who compete to establish political regimes. In contests for power, absolute leaders who are not subject to third-party judgments can credibly recruit only limited suppor...

Constitutions and Economic Development: Evidence from the American Indian Nations This paper presents an empirical examination of economic and institutional development. Utilizing a novel data set on American Indian tribal nations, we investigate how constitutional design affects economic development, while holding the broader legal and political environment fixed. Instrumental variables regres...

Sasang constitution diagnosis has traditionally been conducted by a Sasang constitutional medicine (SCM) doctor who examines the external appearance, temperament and various symptoms of an individual and then collectively analyzes this information to determine their own constitutions. However, because this process is subjective and not quantitative, many researchers have been attempting to deve...