INTRODUCTION Neuronal migration is a fundamental process in the development of the central nervous system because neurons eventually dwell in regions distinct from their origin. From ventricular zones, neurons and/or neuronal progenitors navigate along diverse courses, radially and tangentially, to their final destination and integrate into specific brain circuits (Corbin et al., 2001; Hatten, ...

This study determined the pharmacokinetics, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory effects of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor t-TUCB (trans-4-{4-[3-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-ureido]-cyclohexyloxy}-benzoic acid) in horses with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced radiocarpal synovitis. A total of seven adult healthy mares (n = 4-6/treatment) were administered 3 μg LPS into one radioc...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of a resin cement to dentin using different adhesive systems (AS) in the presence or absence of a low-viscosity composite liner (Protect Liner F - PLF) applied over the bonded dentin. The adhesive systems selected were: AdheSE/Vivadent (AD); Clearfil Protect Bond/Kuraray (CP); One-Up Bond F/Tokuyama (OU); Single Bond/3M ESPE (SB); Tyrian S...

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effects of post bleaching treatments to prevent restaining and the change of enamel surface microhardness after dental bleaching in vitro. METHODS Sixty intact human incisor teeth were stained in tea solution and randomly assigned into four groups (n=15). Then samples were bleached for two weeks (8 hours daily) by 15% carbamide peroxide. Tooth color was ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microindentation hardness and chemical composition of residual dentin left at the cavity bottom following removal of carious dentin using the Carisolv chemomechanical and Er:YAG laser caries excavation methods in comparison with the conventional tungsten-carbide bur excavation. METHODS Sixty-nine extracted permanent teeth with occl...

Sample size modifications in the interim analyses of an adaptive design can inflate the type 1 error rate, if test statistics and critical boundaries are used in the final analysis as if no modification had been made. While this is already true for designs with an overall change of the sample size in a balanced treatment-control comparison, the inflation can be much larger if in addition a modi...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE DWI with conventional single-shot EPI of the pituitary gland is hampered by strong susceptibility artifacts. Our purpose was to evaluate the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion assessment by using DWI based on TSE of the normal anterior pituitary lobe. MATERIALS AND METHODS The intravoxel incoherent motion parameters, including the true diffusion coefficient (D)...

BACKGROUND Abnormal neuronal differentiation plays an important role in central nervous system (CNS) development abnormalities such as Down syndrome (DS), a disorder that results directly from overexpression of genes in trisomic cells. Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is significantly upregulated in DS brains, suggesting its involvement in DS CNS development abnormalities. However, the...

The striatum is the main input structure of the basal ganglia and is involved in voluntary motor control, habit learning and reward processing. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) comprise 80% and 95% of striatal neurons in primates and rodents, respectively, while the remaining population is made up of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) and cholinergic interneurons. Up to 90% of MSNs are specif...