Choline is usually supplemented as ruminally protected choline chloride to prevent its degradation in the rumen, but effects of unprotected on ruminal fermentation are unclear. Some research indicates a possible role dietary fiber microbial choline; therefore we aimed evaluate and investigate whether those depend neutral detergent (NDF) concentration. Our hypothesis was that NDF concentration w...

For Pontryagin’s group duality in the setting of locally compact topological Abelian groups, the topology on the character group is the compact open topology. There exist at present two extensions of this theory to topological groups which are not necessarily locally compact. The first, called the Pontryagin dual, retains the compact-open topology. The second, the continuous dual, uses the cont...

We prove that a continuous function on the dual Cantor set is the scaling function of a uniformly symmetric circle endomorphism if and only if it satisfies a summation condition and compatibility condition. We use this result to establish an isomorphism between the space of continuous functions on the dual Cantor set satisfying these conditions and a Teichmüller space.

We define and study the generalized continuous wavelet transform associated with the Riemann-Liouville operator that we use to express the new inversion formulas of the Riemann-Liouville operator and its dual.

The familiar classical result that a continuous map from a space $X$ to a space $Y$ can be defined by giving continuous maps $varphi_U: U to Y$ on each member $U$ of an open cover ${mathfrak C}$ of $X$ such that $varphi_Umid U cap V = varphi_V mid U cap V$ for all $U,V in {mathfrak C}$ was recently shown to have an exact analogue in pointfree topology, and the same was done for the familiar cla...

This study investigated the auditory-visual integration of talker gender in the perception of tone variances. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate how listeners use the information of talker gender to adjust their expectation towards speakers’ pitch range and uncover intended tonal targets in Cantonese tone perception. Results from an audio-only tone identification task showed that tone c...

Phonological awareness has been shown to play a significant role in language learning. The present study examined the effect of improving pitch identification ability and tonal awareness on Cantonese tone word learning. A group of native English listeners received three days of Cantonese tone training to first improve their tone perception. They then learned the meanings of 15 vocabulary items ...

We analyse convex formulations for combined discrete-continuous MAP inference using the dual decomposition method. As a consquence we can provide a more intuitive derivation for the resulting convex relaxation than presented in the literature. Further, we show how to strengthen the relaxation by reparametrizing the potentials, hence convex relaxations for discrete-continuous inference does not ...

Any linear (ordinary or semi-infinite) optimization problem, and also its dual problem, can be classified as either inconsistent or bounded or unbounded, giving rise to nine duality states, three of them being precluded by the weak duality theorem. The remaining six duality states are possible in linear semi-infinite programming whereas two of them are precluded in linear programming as a conse...

We investigate four-dimensional N=1 Type IIB orientifolds with continuous Wilson lines, and their T-dual realizations as orientifolds with moving branes. When continuous Wilson lines become discrete the gauge symmetry is enhanced and the T-dual orientifold corresponds to branes sitting at the orbifold fixed points. There is a field theoretic analog describing these phenomena as D-and F-flat def...