The Austrian regional climate projections are based on an ensemble of bias adjusted model simulations. Bias adjustment (BA) improves the usability for impact studies, but cannot mitigate fundamental errors. This argument holds in particular biases temporal dependence, which is strongly influenced by large-scale circulation. Global models (GCMs), underlying projections, suffer from substantial c...

Short dry spells are an important grain yield constraint in tropical regions. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and their metabolites can mitigate the impact of drought stress by promoting changes plant metabolism, physiology, biochemistry. However, effects PGPB on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] under regions have not been established. The experiments were carried out field conditions w...

today, there arevarious statistical models for the discrete simulation of the rainfall occurrence/non-occurrence with more emphasizing on long-term climatic statistics. nevertheless, the accuracy of such models or predictions should be improved in short timescale. in the present paper, it is assumed that the rainfall occurrence/non-occurrence sequences follow a two-layer hidden markov model (hm...

drought is one of the most important weather-induced phenomena which may have severe impacts on different areas such as agriculture, economy, energy production, and society. a number of drought indices have been introduced and used in various countries to date. in the current study, four meteorological drought indices including percent of normal precipitation index (pnpi), standard index of ann...

The programs of the International Monetary Fund were originally designed to provide short-term assistance to countries implementing policies to address balance of payments disequilibria. In recent decades, however, the Fund has instituted new facilities with longer time horizons, while many developing countries have adopted consecutive programs. As a result, the length of time spent by countrie...

This study examined associations between mother-infant nighttime interactions and mother-infant attachment when infants were 12 months old. Forty-four mother-infant pairs participated in this study. For three consecutive nights at home, babies were observed in their cribs using a digital video system. Mothers reported on their nighttime interactions with their babies using a self-report diary a...