BACKGROUND Loss to follow up (LTFU) is an important prognostic factor in patients with HIV-1 infection. The impact of illicit drug use on LTFU of patients with HIV-1 infection is unknown in Japan. METHODS A single center observational study was conducted to elucidate the impact of illicit drug use on LTFU at a large HIV clinic in Tokyo. LTFU was defined as those who discontinued their visits ...

Estimates of the prevalence of drug usage during pregnancy vary by region and survey tool used. Clinicians providing care to newborns should be equipped to recognize a newborn who has been exposed to illicit drugs during pregnancy by the effects the exposure might cause at the time of delivery and/or by drug testing of the newborn. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the lite...

Most new cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in the developed world are associated with injection drug use. However, treatment for people who inject drugs (PWID) is controversial, as successful treatment risks being followed by new infection. Reinfection after sustained virologic response has been reported, but is the risk so great that treatment should be withheld from this large HCV p...

Treatment options for ADHD in the Netherlands have increased with the introduction of the extended-release formulations of methylphenidate (MPH ER, Concerta(®)) in 2003 and atomoxetine (ATX, Strattera(®)) in 2005, but data on the effect on drug usage patterns are scarce. The objective of the present study was to describe changes in the patterns of ADHD medication use and determinants thereof am...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether use of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy may increase the risk of spontaneous abortion or stillbirth. DESIGN Population based cohort study. SETTING Register based study in Denmark, 1997-2008. PARTICIPANTS 983,305 pregnancies identified in the Danish medical birth register and the Danish national hospital discharge register from 1 February 1997 to 31 Decem...

It has been known that methadone maintenance treatment is the standard treatment of choice for pregnant opiate addicts. However, there are few data on newborn outcomes especially in the cross talk with other addictive agents. The present study was to investigate the effect of prenatal exposure to methadone on methamphetamine (METH)-induced behavioral sensitization as an indicator of drug addict...

OBJECTIVE Determining risk factor frequency regarding obesity and being overweight in university students. METHODS A cross-sectional analytic study was carried out on 821 students from the University of Colima. Some variables analysed were age, gender, alcoholism, smoking and weight-control drug use. RESULTS 821 students were included (380 male, 441 female), 20.9±2.5 average age. 27.8 % of...

BACKGROUND Adolescents often experiment with drug use, which can impact on their health and well-being and increase the probability of problem drug use. Yet, not enough is known about which psychological indicators is related with the initiation of drug use among young adults and have predictive power. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants in this study were 311 boys (school and college students...

OBJECTIVE This is the first study in China to examine the use of nitrite inhalants and its correlates among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Beijing, China. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2012. Structured interviews collected data on demographics, sexual and drug use behaviors, and the use of HIV services. Blood specimens were collected and tested for HIV and syphilis. ...

BACKGROUND Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) remains the gold standard for the treatment of opioid use disorder. MAT also reduces the frequency of injecting among people who inject drugs (PWID). Relatedly, data suggest that PWID play a key role in the initiation of others into drug injecting by exposing injecting practices to injection-naïve drug users. Our primary objective was to test wheth...