introduction: medicine is an inseparable link of health chain; a flaw in health process for high expenditures of the medicine or inappropriate access shall certainly bring higher costs in the mentioned procedure. the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the households’ income, geographical access, patients’ direct payment, physician's visit and insured' inpatient rate on the amount of ...

ingestion of ciprofloxacin can be associated with esophagitis and esophageal ulcer. we report a 46-yearold man with odynophagia and dysphagia following ciprofloxacin ingestion, with a glance on diagnosis and treatment. also, we propose recommendations for prevention of drug-induced esophagitis, according to shape, size, formulation and their etiologic role on esophagitis.

backgrounds : drug related problems can be defined as any event (or) circumstance involving the drug treatment, which interferes or potentially interferes with the patient in achieving an optimum outcome of medical care. the aim of the study was to identify drug therapy problems and to assess the pharmacist interventions in patients with cardiovascular diseases. methods: the inpatient case reco...