Guttaviridae is a family of enveloped viruses infecting hyperthermophilic archaea. The virions are ovoid or droplet-shaped, with a diameter of 55-80 nm and a length of 75-130 nm. The genome is a circular dsDNA molecule of around 14-20 kbp. The droplet-shaped morphology is unprecedented among viruses of bacteria and eukaryotes and represents a group of archaea-specific virion morphotypes. The fa...

We experimentally demonstrate reordering throughout the inside of an individual bipolar nematic liquid-crystalline microdroplet optically trapped by a highly focused laser beam, when the laser powers are above a definite threshold. The threshold depends on the droplet size and laser polarization. A physical interpretation of the results is presented by considering the nonlocal orientations of t...

We investigate the droplet size distributions and concentrations produced by an aerosol generator driven by a high velocity air jet delivered in cross flow to an oil tube at Mach numbers of 0.1-1.0, and Weber numbers based on the air flow parameters between 1000 to 40000. Measured Sauter mean droplet diameters (SMD) from 1μm to 3.5μm were determined by an Electronic Low Pressure Impactor over t...

study of the mass transfer (MT) across an oil/water interface is important for the fundamental understanding of liquid/liquid extraction, biological membranes, and so on. The kinetic analysis of the fast MT of neutral species across an oil/water interface is difficult since the MT occurs during the construction of the oil/water interface. Several efforts have been devoted to the direct kinetic ...

Experimental observations of the combustion of sooting fuel droplets, performed in a drop tower to create a low gravity environment, are reported. Free n-heptane droplets and suspended droplets of heptane. monochloroalkanes. and mixtures of monochloro-octane and heptane were studied. Initial droplet diameters ranged from 0.4 to I. 1 mm. The results suggest that soot may influence droplet vapori...

In hybrid laser–MIG keyhole welding, anti-crack elements can be added into the weld pool through a filler metal in anticipation of compensating mass loss, preventing porosity formation and improving compositional and mechanical properties of the welds. Understanding the mixing and diffusion of the filler metal in the molten pool is vital to achieve these desired objectives. In this study, mathe...

In a recent experiment by Manoharan et al. [1], a small number N of spherical particles (diameter of about one micron) located at the surface of an oil droplet self-assemble due to the evaporation of the droplet. Such process leads to final packings of spheres which are unique and, for N ≤ 11, equivalent to the minimal second moment clusters as studied by Sloane et al. [2]. Because such simple ...

The absorption spectrum of a single micrometer-sized aerosol particle is measured for the first reported time in the IR. Particle absorption is determined through the IR modulation of visible scattered light near a structure resonance. This technique, termed structure resonance modulation spectroscopy, is used to measure the IR absorption spectrum of an (NH(4))(2)SO(4) aerosol droplet of 5.4-mi...

A detailed study is presented that evaluates the relative importance of wave plate behavior, scattering processes and absorption phenomena in transferring optical torque from circularly polarized light to optically trapped nematic droplets. A wide range of parameters is considered: droplet diameters between 1 and 15 mm, birefringence values from 0.15 to 0.26 and trapping beam powers from 50 mW ...

We have created nanospirals by self-assembly during droplet evaporation. The nanospirals, 60-70 nm in diameter, formed when solvent mixtures of methanol and m-cresol were used. In contrast, spin coating using only methanol as the solvent produced epitaxial films of stripe nanopatterns and using only m-cresol disordered structure. Due to the disparity in vapor pressure between the two solvents, ...