We present a drilling method that is based on the phenomenon of local hot spot generation by near-field microwave radiation. The microwave drill is implemented by a coaxial near-field radiator fed by a conventional microwave source. The near-field radiator induces the microwave energy into a small volume in the drilled material under its surface, and a hot spot evolves in a rapid thermal-runawa...

The habitats of plants change through time, and the plants change with them. Plants, in fact, are able themselves to change various aspects of the environment they inhabit. Succession occurs because altered environmental conditions favour certain species, which therefore can compete more successfully than before for nutrients, light, space and many other factors. As a result, populations of wel...

Agave is the one of the abundantly available plant in India. The wide application of agave reinforced composite plate necessitate the joining of two plates together. For making such joint drilling of those plates is required. Drilling of natural fiber composites is different from the other metals because of its mechanical properties. The major problem faced in drilling of theses natural fiber c...

Subsurface characterization is important for investigations of groundwater contamination as well as petroleum extraction potential. Bore holes or drill logs are a common source of localized stratigraphic information. Sampling and interpolation uncertainties complicate the characterization of the subsurface from these data. Geostatistical methods (Kriging based) have been used to map subsurface ...

It is difficult to predict how current climate change will affect wildlife species adapted to a tropical rainforest environment. Understanding how population dynamics fluctuated in such species throughout periods of past climatic change can provide insight into this issue. The drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus) is a large-bodied rainforest adapted mammal found in West Central Africa. In the middle ...

The bone drilling temperature fields under different cutting parameters and cooling modes were experimental researched by using common twist drill, diamond punching pin, diamond bullet-like grinding head and diamond spherical grinding head. Three cooling modes were applied, namely, natural air cooling, normal saline pouring cooling and normal saline spray cooling. K-thermocouple was used to mea...

BACKGROUND In anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction performed using cortical button fixation on the femur, we have observed a "wobble" effect that can occur when a cannulated femoral drill is used over a guide pin that is not securely fixed in bone. Our study assessed the effect of drill "wobble" on femoral tunnel aperture in sawbones. METHODS Femoral tunnels were drilled in sawbones, whi...

In orthopedic and trauma surgery, metallic plates are used for reduction and fixation of bone fractures. In clinical practice, the intra-operative planning for screw fixation is usually based on fluoroscopic images. Screw fixation is then performed on a free-hand basis. As such, multiple attempts may be required in order to achieve an optimal positioning of the fixing screws. To help the physic...