Several memetic algorithms (MAs) – evolutionary algorithms incorporating local search – have been proposed for the traveling salesman problem (TSP). Much effort has been spent to develop recombination operators for MAs which aim to exploit problem characteristics to achieve a highly effective search. In this paper, several recombination operators for the TSP are compared. For the purpose of ide...

The histological differentiation of neuronal from glial nuclei may be useful in the identification of tumours and in the study of developing nervous tissues. The following method does this by staining the glial nucleus red and the neuronal nucleus green. It also stains other structures in the neural parenchyma. Formol-fixed tissues taken down to water and embedded in paraffin are used. 1 The se...

The emerging role of internal dynamics in protein fold and function requires new avenues of structure analysis. We analyzed the dynamically restrained conformational ensemble of ubiquitin generated from residual dipolar coupling data, in terms of protruding and buried atoms as well as interatomic distances, using four proximity-based algorithms, CX, DPX, PRIDE and PRIDE-NMR (http://hydra.icgeb....

The aim of this paper is to review some of the standards, connected with multimedia and their metadata. We start with MPEG family. MPEG-21 provides an open framework for multimedia delivery and consumption. MPEG7 is a multimedia content description standard. With the Internet grow several format were proposed for media scenes description. Some of them are open standards such as: VRML1, X3D2, SM...

Oxygen reduction catalyzed by cofacial metalloporphyrins at the 1,2-dichlorobenzene-water interface was studied with two lipophilic electron donors of similar driving force, 1,1'-dimethylferrocene (DMFc) and tetrathiafulvalene (TTF). The reaction produces mainly water and some hydrogen peroxide, but the mediator has a significant effect on the selectivity, as DMFc and the porphyrins themselves ...

Materials and Methods: All the reagents were received from Sigma Aldrich Chemical Co. and used without further purification. Solvents were purchased from commercial sources and purified by reported protocol.1 Spectroscopy grade solvents were used for physical studies. 1H NMR and 13C NMR experiments were done on a Bruker DPX-400 MHz and 500 MHz NMR machine and all the data were calibrated agains...

Explanation.................................................................................................. 316 Evaluation for acceptable daily intake......................................................... 316 Biochemical aspects ....................................................................... 316 Absorption, distribution and excretion.................................. 316 Biotransfo...

AIM To study of bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS 104 patients with COPD were examined. A study group comprised men with a long smoking history. BMD of the lumbar spine in the frontal view and that of the proximal femur (the neck, Ward's area, greater trochanter) were studied by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry using...