This paper presents an approach to rapid development of virtual planning experts that can collaborate to develop plans of action requiring expertise from multiple domains. The approach is implemented into a new type of software tool, called Disciple-VPT, which includes an extensible library of virtual planning experts from different domains. Teams of such virtual experts can be rapidly assemble...

This article outlines new technologies in the areas of automated expertise finding, expert network discover, virtual place-based collaboration, and automated question answering. We illustrate each of these areas with implemented and in some cases empirically evaluated systems. Collectively, these illustrate new methods for automatic discovery of knowledge, experts, and communities in an effecti...

in iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. this es...

Although there is no consensus on the definition of the peri-urban interface, there is growing recognition among development professionals and institutions that rural and urban features tend increasingly to co-exist within cities and beyond their limits. There is also recognition that the urban–rural dichotomy that is deeply ingrained in planning systems is inadequate for dealing with processes...

Many combinatorial optimization problems such as the bin packing and multiple knapsack problems involve assigning a set of discrete objects to multiple containers. These problems can be used to model task and resource allocation problems in multi-agent systems and distributed systems, and can also be found as subproblems of scheduling problems. We propose bin completion, a branch-and-bound stra...

When analyzing neuron spike trains, it is always the problem of how to set the time bin. Bin width affects much to analyzed results of such as periodicity of the spike trains. Many approaches have been proposed to determine the bin setting. However, these bins are fixed through the analysis. In this paper, we propose a randomizing method of bin width and location instead of conventional fixed b...

abstract service problems and inequalities and social conditions resulting from urbanization, the need for planning to meet the urgent needs of different age groups, especially children, will require construction and urban environment is certainly compatible with the spirits of children, social maturity and development in a major proportion of them will be personality. in this study, one of the...