Although many doubts have been raised concerning its accuracy, the macroscopic relaxation time approximation is often used to approximate the weighted averages of the collision integral. More accurate approaches based on expansions of the distribution function deliver better results. Unfortunately these models depend on the fluxes of the system which causes a coupling of the flux relations. Our...

protect the rights of creditor financial and deny the debt and concern the law of debtor, is important to the tradition and the attention of lawgiver and this issue well used from the quran and habit and scholars fatwas. in the trades in which for escape from the debtor's debt, specially concerning to change of alter the 218 clause of the civil codes, expressing the opinion and a few of people ...

The Arabic language is one of the oldest languages in the world that presents its own features and challenges while searching for Arabic-based content. The most search systems for the Holy Quran is organized around words (contained in the target verses) rather than the concepts which those words denote. As a word denote many concepts (polysemy) and a concept can be denoted by many words (synony...

The semantic resources are important parts in the Information Retrieval (IR) such as search engines, Question Answering (QA), etc., these resources should be available, readable and understandable. In semantic web, the ontology plays a central role for the information retrieval, which use to retrieves more relevant information from unstructured information. This paper presents a semantic-based ...

Modern Arabic text is written without diacritical marks (short vowels), which causes considerable ambiguity at the word level in the absence of context. Exceptional from this is the Holy Quran, which is endorsed with short vowels and other marks to preserve the pronunciation and hence, the correctness of sensing its words. Searching for a word in vowelized text requires typing and matching all ...

Ontology is one of the essential topics in the scope of an important area of current computer science and Semantic Web. Ontologies present well defined, straightforward and standardized form of the repositories (vast and reliable knowledge) where it can be interoperable and machine understandable. There are many possible utilization of ontologies from automatic annotation of web resources to do...

one of the quranic concepts concerning the hereafter is the lofty barrier (araf) and their men regarding which the words of revelation of 46-49 in araf surah in the holy quran have pointed this concept. there are different viewpoints among commentators concerning what and where the lofty barrier is, and also who the men of the lofty barrier are. regarding this, different viewpoints have been ta...