the effect of a distributed patch mass on the natural frequency of vibration of a laminated rectangular plate with simply supported boundaries is investigated. the third order displacement field of a composite laminated rectangular plate is defined using the two variable refined plate theory. equations of motion of the plate are obtained with the help of calculus of variation. parametric study ...

The Earth stands out in the solar system as the only planet with plate tectonics. This peculiarity is due not only to strong internal heating but also a lithosphere rheology characterized by brittle failure and localization, as a comparison with Venus clearly show. Localization in the ductile regime are manifested on Earth by ductile shear zones, which have proven difficult to explain theoretic...

Plant cytokinesis, the final event of cell division, generates two daughter cells by partitioning the cytoplasm of a mother cell. This depends on targeted secretion to generate a new plasma membrane (PM; Whaley and Mollenhauer, 1963; Samuels et al., 1995; Jurgens, 2005a, 2005b). Plant cells control cytokinesis by constructing a plant-specific cytoskeletal configuration, the phragmoplast (Zhang ...

BACKGROUND The neural crest is a multipotent cell type unique to the vertebrate lineage and capable of differentiating into a large number of varied cell types, including ganglia of the peripheral nervous system, cartilage, and glia. An early step in neural crest specification occurs at the neural plate border, a region defined by the overlap of transcription factors of the Zic, Msx, and Pax fa...