A model for ionic solutions with an attractive short-range pair interaction between the ions is presented. The short-range interaction is accounted for by adding a quadratic nonlocal term to the Poisson-Boltzmann free energy. The model is used to study solvent effects in a planar electric double layer. The counterion density is found to increase near the charged surface, as compared with the Po...

When two charged surfaces and their accompanying electrical double layers (EDLs) approach each other in an electrolyte solution, the EDLs first begin to overlap and finally collapse under confinement. During this collapse we can observe repulsive forces and film-thickness transitions, which contain valuable information about different structural elements present at the interface. Sensing and di...

We study the mean-field Poisson-Boltzmann equation in the context of dense ionic liquids where steric effects become important. We generalise lattice gas theory by introducing a Flory-Huggins entropy for ions of differing volumes and then compare the effective free energy density to other existing lattice gas approximations, not based on the Flory-Huggins Ansatz. Within the methodology presente...

Abstract. A new model for the study of one-dimensional walls in magnetic multilayers is presented. We obtain the optimal scaling of this energy functional for low anisotropy double layers with magnetic layers of equal thickness. We prove that he optimal scaling may be attained by opposing Néel walls. We obtain the core length of the Néel wall, and a detailed description of its structure. We ill...

In order to reduce the dislocation density and improve the performance of high indium content In0.82Ga0.18As films, the design of double buffer layers has been introduced into the In0.82Ga0.18As/InP heterostructure. Compared with other buffer layer structures, we introduce an InP thin layer, which is the same as the substrate, into the In0.82Ga0.18As/InP heterostructure. The epitaxial layers an...

The field of organic electronics emerged in the 1970s with the discovery of conducting polymers. With the introduction of plastics as conductors and semiconductors came many new possibilities both in production and function of electronic devices. Polymers can often be processed from solution and their softness provides both the possibility of working on flexible substrates, and various advantag...

The magnetic response of a proximity-coupled superconductor–normal-metal sandwich is studied within the framework of the quasiclassical theory. The magnetization is evaluated for finite values of the applied magnetic field ~linear and nonlinear response! at arbitrary temperatures and is used to fit recent experimental lowtemperature data. The hysteretic behavior predicted from a Ginzburg-Landau...

Direct observations of magnetic-field-aligned (parallel) electric fields in the downward current region of the aurora provide decisive evidence of naturally occurring double layers. We report measurements of parallel electric fields, electron fluxes and ion fluxes related to double layers that are responsible for particle acceleration. The observations suggest that parallel electric fields orga...

Luminous, sharply defined and nearly spherical objects (‘fireballs’), typically several centimetres in diameter, have been observed in Ar, Kr and Xe plasmas. The ‘fireballs’ are anchored on a disk anode biased et 4040 V above ground potential. They have been analysed in terms of a spherical double-layer model, in which ionizalion of the gas atoms by electrons energized at the double layer plays...