The current anti-doping policy ('war on doping') resembles the 'war on drugs' in several aspects, including a zero-tolerance approach, ideology encroaching on human rights and public health principles, high cost using public money for repression and control, and attempts to shape internationally harmonized legal frameworks to attain its aim. Furthermore, even if for different reasons, both wars...

The breaking of time reversal symmetry (TRS) in three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TIs), and thus the opening of a 'Dirac-mass gap' in the linearly dispersed Dirac surface state, is a prerequisite for unlocking exotic physical states. Introducing ferromagnetic long-range order by transition metal doping has been shown to break TRS. Here, we present the study of lanthanide (Ln) doped...

Background: Doping is not limited to elite athletes. To reduce doping in sport, it seems important to influence young athletes in primary prevention. Purpose: Based on previous research, the purpose of this paper is to give an overview on doping behaviors in amateur sport, actual prevention campaigns, and to propose a new perspective in doping prevention. Methods: This mini-review is based on a...

The doping of porous sol-gel films by adsorption of cations onto silica from aqueous solutions is demonstrated. The films are fabricated using the sol-gel method, giving nanometer scale porosity, high surface area, and homogeneity on the scale of optical wavelengths. After deposition by spin coating and initial heat treatment, the films are soaked in a salt solution of the desired dopant, and t...

Temperature dependencies of the threshold current, device slope efficiency, and heterobarrier electron leakage current from the active region of InGaAsP–InP multiquantum-well (MQW) lasers with different profiles of acceptor doping were measured. We demonstrate that the temperature sensitivity of the device characteristics depends on the profile of p-doping, and that the variance in the temperat...

This article develops a socio-economic model that analyzes the doping decision of professional athletes. In their evaluation of whether to use performance enhancing drugs athletes consider not only costs and benefits (through rank improvement) but also approval by their fellow athletes. Peergroup approval is modeled as a lagged endogenous variable depending on the share of doping athletes in th...

Doping of low-dimensional graphitic materials, including graphene, graphene quantum dots and single-wall carbon nanotubes with nitrogen, sulfur or boron can significantly change their properties. We report that simple fluorination followed by annealing in a dopant source can superdope low-dimensional graphitic materials with a high level of N, S or B. The superdoping results in the following do...

We report Zn-doping effect in the parent and F-doped LaFeAsO oxyarsenides. Slight Zn doping in LaFe1−xZnxAsO drastically suppresses the resistivity anomaly around 150 K associated with the antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin density wave (SDW) in the parent compound. The measurements of magnetic susceptibility and thermopower confirm further the effect of Zn doping on AFM order. Meanwhile Zn doping do...

Doping in sport is a well-known phenomenon that has been studied mainly from a biomedical point of view, even though psychosocial approaches are also key factors in the fight against doping. This phenomenon has evolved greatly in recent years, and greater understanding of it is essential for developing efficient prevention programmes. In the psychosocial approach, attitudes are considered an in...