The variable domains of antibodies and T-Cell receptors (TCRs) share similar structures. Both molecules act as sensors for the immune system but recognise their respective antigens in different ways. Antibodies bind to a diverse set of antigenic shapes whilst TCRs only recognise linear peptides presented by a major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The antigen specificity and affinity of both r...

introduction:torch infections causing via toxoplasma gondii, other microorganisms (e.g., treponema pallidum), rubella virus, cytomegalovirus (cmv) and the herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 during the first trimester of pregnancy can lead to severe fetal anomalies or even fetal loss. the current study determined the serological data of torch infections in women who were in their first tri...

a survey was carried out in five provinces of iran (kerman, sistan and baluchestan, hormozgan, khorasan and yazd) for the presence of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) sero-types in alfalfa during 2002 to 2003. the number of samples collected was 250, represent-ing the diversity and geographical distribution of amv in these areas. diagnosis was car-ried out using polyclonal (pabs) and monoclonal (mabs...