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[1] Mary Doe is a human embryo preserved in liquid nitrogen, in an unnamed in vitro fertilization clinic. Mary Doe’s name was given by an organization dedicated to advocating for equal humanity and personhood of pre-born children, including “children in vitro.” In response to President Clinton’s policy favoring embryonic stem cell [hereinafter EScell] research, the organization filed suit on be...

Trace amounts of plutonium are found worldwide, mostly due to fallout from atmospheric nuclear testing, which ended in 1980, and released several isotopes of plutonium, including Pu, Pu, Pu, and Pu (Clark et al. 2006; DOE 2005a; Eisenbud and Gesell 1997). Plutonium is not naturally occurring; however, trace amounts of Pu are found in naturally occurring uranium ores, but the amounts are in such...

On October 11, 1983, “Baby Jane Doe” was born in Port Jefferson, NY, and diagnosed with hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele, the most common and serious form of spina bifida. Doctors advised her parents that she would die without surgery. With surgery, she would live from 2 to 20 years, paralyzed, bedridden, incontinent, and severely “retarded.” Based on this information, the parents declined tr...

The aim of this work was to develop a pulsatile release system with metoprolol for chronotherapeutical use by coating swellable mini-tablets with Eudragit RS. To study the influence of the formulation factors (amount of coating polymer, plasticizer percentage in film coating and swelling agent percentage in mini-tablets), a Box-Behnken design of experiment (DoE) was used. To evaluate the influe...

A systematic design of experiments (DOE) approach was used to optimize the perfusion process of a tri-axial bioreactor designed for translational tissue engineering exploiting mechanical stimuli and mechanotransduction. Four controllable design parameters affecting the perfusion process were identified in a cause–effect diagram as potential improvement opportunities. A screening process was use...

During the last decade, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has attracted growing interest as a new degree of freedom for signal channel multiplexing in order to increase the information transmission capacity in today's optical networks. Here we present the design, fabrication and characterization of phase-only diffractive optical elements (DOE) performing mode-division (de)multiplexing...

This paper proposes a methodology that replaces the usual ad hoc approach to metamodeling. This methodology considers validation of a metamodel with respect to both the underlying simulation model and the problem entity. It distinguishes between ®tting and validating a metamodel, and covers four types of goal: (i) understanding, (ii) prediction, (iii) optimization, and (iv) veri®cation and vali...