BACKGROUND Nonendoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a practical alternative for a deep nasopharyngeal swab (DNS) to sample the airways of a large number of calves in a short period of time. The extent of commensal overgrowth and agreement of BAL with DNS culture results in preweaned calves are unknown. OBJECTIVES To compare commensal overgrowth and bacterial culture results between DNS a...

Xylanases are commonly assayed by the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) or the arsenomolybdate (ARS) method. However, specific activities are many times higher with DNS than with ARS. This is because the DNS assay is more reactive and the ARS assay is less reactive with xylooligosaccharides than with xylose. Xylose is often used as a standard, even though oligosaccharides are prevalent, so the DNS me...

We use the Internet every day. The Internet relies in its very foundations on DNS, the Domain Name System. What most people don’t know is how fragile DNS actually is. This paper discusses the shortcomings of DNS, and how it is being secured. We explain common attacks, such as cache poisoning and DNS forgery. Then we mention some incidents briefly, before moving on the improvements. The improvem...

The Web relies on the Domain Name System (DNS) to resolve the hostname portion of URLs into IP addresses. This marriage-of-convenience enabled the Web’s meteoric rise, but the resulting entanglement is now hindering both infrastructures—the Web is overly constrained by the limitations of DNS, and DNS is unduly burdened by the demands of the Web. There has been much commentary on this sad state-...

DNS amplification has been instrumental in over 34% of high-volume network DDoS attacks, with some floods exceeding 300Gbps. Today’s best practices require Internet-wide cooperation and have been unable to prevent these attacks. In this work, we investigate whether these best practices can eliminate DNS amplification attacks and characterize what threats remain. In particular, we study roughly ...

The aim of the present work is to develop two-channel emitters to probe local hydrophobicity by means of fluorescence quenching within different biomimetic supramolecular environments. To achieve this goal, the dansyl (Dns) and tryptophan (Trp) fluorophores have been covalently attached to cholic acid (CA) in order to ensure simultaneous incorporation of the two emitting units into the same com...

Domain Name System (DNS), one of the important infrastructure in the Internet, was vulnerable to attacks, for the DNS designer didn’t take security issues into consideration at the beginning. The defects of DNS may lead to users’ failure of access to the websites, what’s worse, users might suffer a huge economic loss. In order to correct the DNS wrong resource records, we propose a Self-Feedbac...

We present the current estimates of the Galactic merger rate of double-neutron-star (DNS) systems. Using a statistical analysis method, we calculate the probability distribution function (PDF) of the rate estimates, which allows us to assign confidence intervals to the rate estimates. We calculate the Galactic DNS merger rate based on the three known systems B1913+16, B1534+12, and J0737-3039. ...

Domain Name Systems (DNS) provide the mapping between easily remembered host names and their IP addresses. While domain name information is typically created and updated off-line, dynamic DNS updates allow clients to manage domain names online, in real time. The current secure DNS standards (DNSSEC) require private keys to be kept online to sign dynamic updates, leaving private keys subject to ...

Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract It is possible for Dynamic Host ...