Introduction: The incidence of breast cancer increases with the rate of 1-2% at the world. Radiation therapy is one of the available choices for breast cancer treatment. The single isocentre half-beam block technique is considered as a standard technique to avoid hot and cold spots within the PTV. The major advantage of half beam technique is that the both contralateral breast...

We present a novel optofluidic device for non-invasive and label-free determination of liquid concentrations. A microfluidic channel filled with the sample solution is hit by laser light in an angle close to the critical angle for total internal reflection. Due to the intentionally defined divergence of the incident beam, parts of the rays will experience total internal reflection while another...

Relative navigation is a challenging technological component of many planned NASA and ESA missions. It typically uses recursive filters to fuse measurements (e.g., range and angle) from sensors with contrasting accuracies to estimate the vehicle state vectors in real time. The tendency of Extended Kalman filter to diverge under these conditions is well documented in the literature. As such, we ...

Active beam-steering devices near the optical frequencies have long been sought after due to their applications in communication, defense, and display technologies; however, the challenge lies in achieving actively tunable structures near these frequencies. An array of metal-dielectric-metal plasmonic resonators is demonstrated as a dynamic beam-steering device to operate at midinfrared wavelen...

We demonstrate the focusing of a free-space THz beam emerging from a leaky parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG). Focusing is accomplished by grading the launch angle of the leaky wave using a PPWG with gradient plate separation. Inside the PPWG, the phase velocity of the guided TE1 mode exceeds the vacuum light speed, allowing the wave to leak into free space from a slit cut along the top plate. Sin...

AIM In this teleradiographic study, the authors investigate the correlations between facial kind, breathing pattern and cephalic posture. METHODS The research was conducted on a 94 schoolchildren sample. For each patient teleradiographic analysis in-L-L projection and rhinomanometric examination were performed. On the basis of clinical evidences, rhinomanometric results and nasopharyngeal space...

This work develops a method for growing Ni-silicide/Si heterostructured nanowire arrays by glancing angle Ni deposition and solid state reaction on ordered Si nanowire arrays. Samples of ordered Si nanowire arrays were fabricated by nanosphere lithography and metal-induced catalytic etching. Glancing angle Ni deposition deposited Ni only on the top of Si nanowires. When the annealing temperatur...

Abstract Underwater rocket propulsion is increasingly used in advanced marine vehicles that may be subject to supersonic gaseous jets while submerged. This work investigates the influence of nozzle divergence on multi-flow field evolution process and thrust oscillation characteristics by multiple numerical simulations using a VOF multiphase flow model. Four half angles are taken into considerat...

A single-layer reflective metasurface is proposed in this study to generate dual-mode dual-polarized high-order Bessel vortex beams with equal divergence angle Ka-band. The consists of two different subwavelength elements polarisations, which are located the inner disk region and outer ring respectively. element, composed a square regular octagon, achieve phase response 360°. microstrip line do...