To generate insights into how production of new items and remanufacturing and disposal of returned products can be effectively coordinated, we develop a model of a hybrid manufacturing–remanufacturing system. Formulating the model as a Markov decision process, we investigate the structure of the optimal policy that jointly controls production, remanufacturing, and disposal decisions. Considerin...

The use of pharmaceuticals has led to considerable improvements in human and animal health. As a consequence of disposal also needs to be considered, making pharmaceuticals a waste management concern. While the disposal of waste pharmaceutical residues through the wastewater stream is widely studied, there are limited data on the disposal of unused pharmaceuticals. It is essential to ascertain ...

a study was carried out in a strip of a river and in a nearby well in the rainy and dry seasons to assess the impact of tobacco waste disposal on the roadsides. there were significant seasonal variations in the concentration of nicotine being higher (p

Solid Waste Management (SWM) system in Bhopal has deteriorated recently to the point that only limited waste collection is undertaken in certain urban areas and disposal is largely to uncontrolled dump sites. In this study, the technical, economical, and environmental aspects of three SWM scenarios were investigated aiming to compare the scenarios and select the most appropriate one for impleme...

kinematic synthesis of a trailing six-member mechanism has been carried out to achieve five precision points of an automotive steering mechanism. the inner wheel can be rotated up to forty five degrees with fair accuracy. results show that the divergent end behavior of ackermann steering mechanism has been overcome by the present mechanism. the work is similar to earlier work by the present aut...

Background Caffeine and chlorogenic acid are two compounds in green coffee beans that alter blood glucose disposal and insulin sensitivity. Caffeine has been shown to decrease glucose disposal and insulin sensitivity when taken 60 minutes prior to an oral glucose tolerance test in humans, whereas chlorogenic acid has been shown to increase glucose disposal and insulin sensitivity in humans. The...

This paper reviews documented environmental effects experience from the disposal of solid waste materials in the U.S. Selected case histories are discussed that illustrate waste migration and its actual or potential effects on human or environmental health. Principal conclusions resulting from this review were: solid waste materials do migrate beyond the geometric confines of the initial placem...

This paper focuses on the incremental impacts of coal ash and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastes associated with increased coal usage by utilities and industry under the National Energy Plan (NEP). In the paper, 1985 and 2000 are the assessment points using the baseline data taken from the Annual Environmental Analysis Report (AEAR, September 1977). In each EPA region, the potential mix of d...

Dry areas near the sea can obtain fresh water through solar distillation of saline sea water resources. However, these solar distillation sites produce wastewater as a result of desalination of sea water with high salt concentration. Waste must be disposed of with the least effect on the receiving environment (sea, in most cases). Initial dilution and its characteristics play important roles in...

This study examines how the timing of waste disposal fee collection affects producer’s choice built-in product durability and social welfare in a durable-goods monopoly model. We categorize policies into two: advance (ADF) policy (DF) policy. show that DF has two opposing effects on durability. Firstly, gives producer an incentive to increase order delay households’ discount future payments (th...