the evaluation of prevalence and appearing the social disorders involve having exact statistical information during a fixed time series. in iran, unfortunoutiely, there is no access to this kind of information - at least in this regard. in some social disorders which originally have risen some misunderstanding and disagreement in their definitions, importance, and soon, the lack of statistic in...

ïndividuals with factitious disorder fake illnesses to assume a sick role. they simulate, induce, or aggravate illness, often inflicting painful, deforming, or even life-threatening injury on themselves or those under their care. factitious disorders are diagnosed in about one percent of patients who are seen in psychiatric consultation in general hospitals. ône of the features, that are overre...

ôbjective: â rare phenomenon of shared psychosis disorder occurring in the context of bipolar ï disorder, in identical twins is reported. çase presentation: two identical twins with shared psychotic manic syndrome were admitted and received antipsychotic and lithium as their treatment. psychotic symptoms of primary case did not improve and her diagnosis changed into schizophrenia. they had hypo...

objective: interventions for people suffering from borderline personality disorder (bpd), such as dialectical behavior therapy, often include a problem-solving component. however, there is an absence of published studies examining the problem-solving abilities of this client group in iran. the study compared inpatients and outpatients with bpd and a control group on problem-solving capabilities...

the molecular mechanisms of the fact that more than 50% of the individuals with the same genetic make up (e.g. identical twins in schizophrenia) do not show the same psychiatric phenotype remained undefined in psychiatry. this along with the failure to find responsible genes with major effects in psychiatric disorders and lack of consistency of genetic association studies led to the current una...

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is a commonly diagnosed childhood disorder that affects approximately 3 to 7% of children. as a result, adhd is one of the most common presenting problems among children referred to mental health professionals. pharmacotherapy is the most commonly recommended intervention for adhd and it has been shown to be the optimal treatment option in cases w...

scid disorder is major failure of the immune system, usually genetic. the aim of this study was on mutations detection of rag1, rag2, and il7rg genes in scid cases. mutation detection was performed by pcr sequencing. our results  indicated  that 13  mutations  were found  through  cases which  include 4 mutations in il7r gene (t661i, i138v, t56a, c57w), 7 mutations in rag1 (w896x, w204r, m324v,...

introduction: estimating ephedrine’s effect on animal’s locomotor activity and evaluation of cumin fruit essential oil (feo) effect and mechanism of ephedrine-induced hyper-locomotion. methods: a new protocol developed for evaluation of manic behavior induced by ephedrine in a dose and time dependent manner. following the suppressive effects of cumin feo on acquisition and expression of ephedri...

introduction: the purpose of our study was to evaluate the frequency of behavioral problem in pre school-aged children with visual problem. methods: in this expost facto study, which was selected via convenient sampling , 143 children ranging in age from 3-6 years that refer to optometry clinic for routine eye examination were evaluated . after complete ocular exams including evaluation of visu...

toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic diseases worldwide. although estimated that one third of the world's population are infected with toxoplasma gondii , but the most common form of the disease is latent (asymptomatic). on the other hand, recent findings indicated that la­tent toxoplasmosis is not only unsafe for human, but also may play various roles in the etiol­ogy of different...