in thelight of historical and economic circumstances of 1960s, dominant paradigm in international development law was essentially relayed on economic development. but gradually by international efforts and issuing brountland report, the conception of sustainable development came up in context of international law; the conception that by avoiding of mere consideration of economic development and...

“state of war” is the most significant consequence of war declaration. “dār al- harb” is considered as the land against which islam has declared the state of war. sometimes it may be as the same as “ma’rekeh” (the theater of war). declaration and beginning of war influences the entire world and especially puts effects on political and commercial relations which may lead to their suspension, rev...

Although a millennium ago the Middle East was not an economic laggard, by the 18 century it exhibited clear signs of economic backwardness. The reason for this transformation is that certain components of the region’s legal infrastructure stagnated as their Western counterparts gave way to the modern economy. Among the institutions that generated evolutionary bottlenecks are the Islamic law of ...

one of the inhuman conducts which may be used in order to take confession from the accused or information from others is torture which has been forbidden and criminalized in the islamic and iranian criminal law. in addition, there are certain international and regional instruments which recommend or require the countries to take appropriate measures in their domestic laws to combat torture. rec...

Islamic counselling and psychotherapy is a discipline that is vaguely defined. Information that is available on this topic is often limited in quantity and perspective to form the theoretical basis necessary to constitute a model of intervention for Islamic Counselling. Indeed in discussions with social service practitioners this lack of a coherent Islamic counselling methodology is frequently ...

Zahid Rafique b b Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan [email protected] Tehmina Amjad b b Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan [email protected] Hussain Dawood d d Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, S...

Stem cell research is a newly emerging technology that promises a wide variety of benefits for humanity. It has, however, also caused much ethical, legal, and theological debate. While some forms of its application were prohibited in the beginning, they have now started to be used in many countries. This fact obliges us to discuss the regulation of stem cell research at national and internation...

the international criminal court , which is part of the fourth generation of the criminal courts, plays a prominent role in the institutionalization of international humanitarian law (ihl). hence, it was expected that negotiators utilized from previous criminal tribunals experiences and they terminated in the distinctions between gross breaches of international humanitarian law. it was expected...