This paper examines the role that culture plays in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Using examples of inward FDI from mostly western Multinational Corporations (MNCs), the implication of Chinese culture, Transaction Cost Theory, and modes of entry are discussed. The authors suggest that the increase in, and the rate of direct FDI in the PRC (prior to the ...

Foreign direct investment has been important in China’s economic development since the early 1980s. In recent years the volume of inward FDI into China, according to some estimates, has been second only to that into the United States. The Chinese government has emphasised the need for FDI to be coupled with the transfer of more advanced technologies to China. For foreign companies technology tr...

Foreign direct investment has contributed significantly to Chinese economic development. Yet the geographic distribution of FDI is quite uneven. Compared with the inward FDI in the eastern and mid regions of China, the Western region has attracted less FDI. FDI is fuelling much of the rapid economic leap of the developed regions of China and the significant inequity grows further. There are man...

In light of the perceived benefits derived from inward FDI, many developed economies have systematically established investment promotion agencies (IPAs) to attract foreign investment. While IPAs in the past have been created by a wide variety of countries and regions, their target economies have overwhelmingly been in developed markets. The rise of emerging market MNEs is significantly changin...

Near-IR surface plasmon resonance is used to characterize Teflon AF films for refractive index-based detection of the aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants benzene, toluene, and xylenes in water. The technique requires no sample preparation, and film sensitivity is found to be enhanced by oxygen plasma etching. A diffusion equation model is used to extract the diffusion and partition coefficients, ...

Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) is an important technique in hydrocarbon exploration, because it uses the large contrast in electrical resistivity to distinguishes between water and hydrocarbons. In a shallow sea environment, the airwave that is refracted from the air-water interface dominates the recorded signal at large offsets. Therefore, the hydrocarbon detection ability of the CSE...

Biosurfactant are surface active compounds produced by microorganisms. These molecules reduce surface tension between aqueous solutions and hydrocarbon mixtures. Hundred hydrocarbon saturated soil samples were collected from thirty different areas in Chennai, TamilNadu, India. Seventy two bacterial strains were isolated and cultured by enriching carbon (Glycerol) source. Each culture medium was...