Energy outputs from ethanol produced using corn, switchgrass, and wood biomass were each less than the respective fossil energy inputs. The same was true for producing biodiesel using soybeans and sunflower, however, the energy cost for producing soybean biodiesel was only slightly negative compared with ethanol production. Findings in terms of energy outputs compared with the energy inputs wer...

Direct catalytic conversion of ethanol to hydrocarbon blend-stock can increase biofuels use in current vehicles beyond the ethanol blend-wall of 10-15%. Literature reports describe quantitative conversion of ethanol over zeolite catalysts but high C2 hydrocarbon formation renders this approach unsuitable for commercialization. Furthermore, the prior mechanistic studies suggested that ethanol co...

Six different electron mediators were immobilized on the activated carbon (AC) anode and their effects on performance of a direct glucose alkaline fuel cell were explored. 2-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone (NQ), methyl viologen (MV), neutral red (NR), methylene blue (MB), 1, 5-dichloroanthraquinone (DA) and anthraquinone (AQ) were doped in activated carbon (AC), respectively, and pressed on nickel ...

core-shell nanostructures are emerging as more important materials than alloy nanostructures and have much more interesting potential applications in various fields. in this work, we demonstrated the fast and facile synthesis of core-shell nanoparticles consisting of pt thin layer as the shell and ni nanoparticles as the cores. the described method herein is suitable for large-scale and low-cos...

we report a pd-co (3:1)/graphene oxide (pd3co /go) catalyst through a one-step strategy. go is synthesized from graphite electrodes using ionic liquid-assisted electrochemical exfoliation. controllable go-supported pd3co electrocatalystis then was reduced by ethylene glycol as a stabilizing agent to prepare highly dispersed pdco nanoparticles on carbon graphene oxide to be used as oxygen reduct...