Bladder stones are caused when minerals are built up in the bladder, especially if the bladder is incompletely emptied. These stones will pass while they are small. Otherwise, they get stuck to the bladder wall or ureter. If this happens, they gradually gather more mineral crystals, becoming larger over time. Primary hyperparathyroidism is usually caused by a tumor within the parathyroid gland,...

Bivalves such as molluscs are widely distributed tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions (Livingstone, 1989). Mussels are filter feeders capable of filtering large volumes of water up to several litres per hour (Bayne, 1976). In this way they concentrate many chemicals and other deleterious compounds in their tissues. The gill is the initial site of uptake of such chemicals followe...

The starvation effects on the fatty acids composition of the digestive gland of the scallop Flexopecten glaber were underwent in this study. Results show that food deprivation induces a diminution of the amounts of the EPA (C20:5n-3) and the DHA (C22:6n-3) as well as the n-3/n-6 ratio. Meanwhile, a selective retention, in terms of increase of percentage, of the AA (C20:4n-6) in unfed specimens ...

Pancreases taken from chick embryos secrete amylase in vitro when stimulated by cholinergic drugs. Rates of secretion increase with developmental age. The pancreas isolated together with the duodenal loop from the 8 day embryo is already capable of secretion in vitro. It is therefore concluded that the pancreas acquires the ability to secrete digestive enzymes more than 10 days before the begin...

PURPOSE To present the clinical features of patients with parotid gland metastasis, and compare the results with previously published series. Most of the relevant literature arises from case reports, while there are only few series reported, as secondary neoplastic lesions of the parotid gland are uncommon. METHODS The medical records of patients with parotid gland metastasis, treated at the ...

Epithelial gland systems play an important role in marine molluscs in fabricating lubricants, repellents, fragrances, adhesives or enzymes. In cephalopods the typically single layered epithelium provides a highly dynamic variability and affords a rapid rebuilding of gland cells. While the digestive hatching gland (also named Hoyle organ) is obligatory for most cephalopods, only four genera (Nau...

The effect of dietary lipids on the fatty acid (FA) profile of cows' milk fat is mainly dependent on digestive processes and mammary gland uptake and metabolism of FA. The objective of this study was to determine the separate effects of high arterial concentrations of 16:0, 18:0 and cis-18:1(n-9) on uptake, synthesis and 18:0 desaturation rate in the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows, via a...

The extent of autometallographical black silver deposits (BSD) was quantified by automated image analysis in digestive lysosomes of the digestive gland of mussels collected from 2 estuaries of the coast of Biscay for 1 yr. Additionally, metal composition of digestive lysosomes was characterised by X-ray microprobe analysis. Zn levels were the most variable among the metals analysed by AAS (Cd, ...