The Coherent Gradient Sensor (CGS) is extended to the optical differentiation of specular, diffracted wave fronts leading to the combined measurement of inand outof-plane displacement field gradients. A derivation of the underlying optical interference principles is presented along with an analysis of the effective instrument sensitivity. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the techniqu...

Magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) spectroscopy in the -1st diffraction order with p-polarized incidence is applied to study arrays of submicron Permalloy wires at polar magnetization. A theoretical approach combining two methods, the local modes method neglecting the edge effects of wires and the rigorous coupled wave analysis, is derived to evaluate the diffraction losses due to irregularitie...

We have demonstrated a novel diffraction grating for atoms. Acollimated beam of sodium atoms with a de Broglie wavelength of 17picometers was diffracted by transmission through an array of slitswith a spatial period of 0.2 μm formed in a gold membrane. This isthe first reported diffraction of atoms by a fabricated periodicstructure. Our transmission diffraction grating for a...

The principles of the differential theory of light diffraction are presented in cylindrical coordinates. Special attention is played to the factorisation rules necessary to obtain faster convergence with respect to the number of basic functions used in the field representation. A detailed description is given for diffracting objects having rotational symmetry and finite cylindrical length. Some...

Optical digital tomographic microscopy can be used for profilometry. The profile of the surface can be estimated from measurements of the complex diffracted far field obtained when the sample is illuminated successively under various incidences. Outside the validity domain of perturbative theories of diffraction, the profile is determined by using an iterative inverse wave scattering numerical ...

The use of millimeter and sub-millimeter wave antenna systems for the studies of space is of great significance to astronomy. This paper presents the application of Diffracted Gaussian Beam Analysis method (DGBA) in Terahertz. And a three dimensional visual software based on DGBA is used for the simulation of a single-channel quasi-optical system at 325GHz. The simulation results and comparison...

It may be advantageous in advanced gravitational-wave detectors to replace conventional beam splitters and Fabry-Perot input mirrors with diffractive elements. In each of these applications, the wavefront distortions produced by the absorption and subsequent heating of the grating can limit the maximum useful optical power. We present data on the wavefront distortions induced in a laser probe b...

By solving analytically and numerically dynamical diffraction equations, we study the modulation of X-rays in ideal crystals by a co-propagating wave of impulsively excited optical phonons. Our results for a diamond crystal suggest that the output diffracted X-ray field can have a time structure much shorter than the period of the excited vibrational mode (Tv= 25fs). We explain this dynamics in...

Light diffraction by volume Fresnel zone plates (VFZPs) is simulated by the Hankel transform beam propagation method (Hankel BPM). The method utilizes circularly symmetric geometry and small step propagation to calculate the diffracted wave fields by VFZP layers. It is shown that fast and accurate diffraction results can be obtained with the Hankel BPM. The results show an excellent agreement w...