During central nervous system development, neurons differentiate distinct axonal and dendritic processes whose outgrowth is influenced by environmental cues. Given the known intrinsic differences between axons and dendrites and that little is known about the response of dendrites to inhibitory cues, we tested the hypothesis that outgrowth of differentiating axons and dendrites of hippocampal ne...

Osteopoikilosis is a rare, benign osteosclerotic dysplasia that predominantly involves the appendicular skeleton. Radiographic findings are diagnostic, and the disease often is discovered incidentally on x-ray films. The importance of recognizing osteopoikilosis lies in differentiating it from osteoblastic metastases. The cause is unclear. Patients typically are asymptomatic. Diagnostic finding...

Hypochondriasis and panic disorder are both characterized by prevalent health anxieties and illness beliefs. Therefore, the question as to whether they represent distinct nosological entities has been raised. This study examines how clinical characteristics can be used to differentiate both disorders, taking the possibility of mixed symptomatologies (comorbidity) into account. We compared 46 pa...

Background: Cognitive theories and research have focused on the relationship between emotions, particularly anxiety, and the positive symptoms of psychosis. The aim of this study, based on Beckchr('39')s cognitive theory, was to compare dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive insight between patients with anxiety disorders and those with delusion. Methods: The study sample consisted of 90 partic...

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The objective of this paper is to show how ambiguity, and a decision maker (DM)’s response to it, can be modelled formally in the context of a general decision model. We introduce a relation derived from the DM’s preferences, called ‘‘unambiguous preference’’, and show that it can be represented by a set of probabilities. We provide such set with a simple differential characterization, and argu...

The ideal antihistamine would optimize both receptor and clinical pharmacology, combining high receptor affinity, reflected by high potency, with outstanding clinical efficacy. Because the basic concepts of potency and efficacy are often confused and used interchangeably within the scientific and pharmaceutical industry, the distinction between these 2 terms must be understood in order for them...

The current developments in metabolomics and metabolic profiling technologies have led to the discovery of several new metabolic biomarkers. Finding metabolites present in significantly different levels between sample sets, however, does not necessarily make these metabolites useful biomarkers. The route to valid and applicable biomarkers (biomarker qualification) is long and demands a signific...

Lower motor neuron (LMN) syndromes typically present with muscle wasting and weakness and may arise from pathology affecting the distal motor nerve up to the level of the anterior horn cell. A variety of hereditary causes are recognised, including spinal muscular atrophy, distal hereditary motor neuropathy and LMN variants of familial motor neuron disease. Recent genetic advances have resulted ...