In this paper various layered planar periodic structures which provide miniaturization of planar antennas are proposed and discussed. The proposed designs are based on two concepts, reactive impedance surfaces and complementary periodic structures. In the proposed structures, complementary periodic rings and slots are patterned on the intermediate boundaries of the dielectric layers. A patch an...

The main purpose of this paper is to design, implement and measure a new sample of mantle cloak. A new method called mantle cloak is introduced by cloaking an object by a single, conformal meta-surface which can drastically suppress the scattering of the desired object. In this paper, a grid lattice is placed around a dielectric object as the cloaking structure. Previously, this FSS has been ut...

The present paper deals with the design of experimental work matrices for two groups of experiments by using Response surface methodology (RSM). The first EDM group was dealt with the use of kerosene dielectric alone, while the second was treated by adding the graphite micro powders mixing to dielectric fluid (PMEDM). The total heat flux generated and fatigue lives after EDM and PMEDM models we...

Background and aims—Evidence suggests that the intestinal actions of Clostridium difficile toxin A—stimulation of secretion and motility, and an acute inflammatory response—have a neurally mediated component. Methods—Direct intracellular electrophysiological recording of electrical and synaptic behaviour in enteric neurones was performed in the submucous plexus of guinea pig small intestine dur...

Ion channels are the determinants of excitability; therefore, manipulation of their levels and properties provides an opportunity for the investigator to modulate neuronal and circuit function. There are a number of ways to suppress electrical activity in Drosophila neurons, for instance, over-expression of potassium channels (i.e. Shaker Kv1, Shaw Kv3, Kir2.1 and DORK) that are open at resting...

Mutations in the voltage-dependent skeletal muscle chloride channel, ClC-1, result in dominant or recessive myotonia congenita. The Q552R mutation causes a variant of dominant myotonia with a milder phenotype, myotonia levior. To characterise the functional properties of this mutation, homodimeric mutant and heterodimeric wild-type (WT) mutant channels were expressed in tsA201 cells and studied...

Electrocardiography is a fundamental part of cardiovascular assessment. It is an essential tool for investigating cardiac arrhythmias and is also useful in diagnosing cardiac disorders such as myocardial infarction. Familiarity with the wide range of patterns seen in the electrocardiograms of normal subjects and an understanding of the effects of non-cardiac disorders on the trace are prerequis...

Activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) facilitates the induction of synaptic plasticity and enhances cognitive function. In the hippocampus, M(1) mAChR on CA1 pyramidal cells inhibit both small conductance Ca(2+)-activated KCa2 potassium channels and voltage-activated Kv7 potassium channels. Inhibition of KCa2 channels facilitates long-term potentiation (LTP) by enhancing Ca(2...