1 Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, IA 52246, USA 2Centre for Translational Cancer Research, IBT, Texas A&M HSC, Houston, TX 77030, USA 3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500037, India 4Centre for Genetic Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Central Universi...

Multivariate survival data arise when each study subject may experience multiple events or when study subjects are clustered into groups. Statistical analyses of such data need to account for the intra-cluster dependence through appropriate modeling. Frailty models are the most popular for such failure time data. However, there are other approaches which model the dependence structure directly....

This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) among natives and non-natives Sarawakians who were seen at 3 public hospitals and one health clinic in Sarawak. It is a cross sectional study where data on patients with DM were collected by staff at these healthcare facilities and entered into the web-based Diabetic Eye Registry. Univariate and multivariate...

Diabetes is a global epidemic afflicting approximately 400 million people, and retinopathy is one of its most feared complications, which affects over 90% of patients after 25 years of diabetes. The course will cover various aspects of diabetic retinopathy, including genetic associations and systemic factors, and will highlight cellular targets, novel imaging techniques and future therapies. Th...

Diabetes increases the risk of a range of eye diseases, including cataract, but the main cause of blindness associated with diabetes is diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR usually develops between ten and twenty years after the onset of diabetes, and develops faster when diabetes is undiagnosed and untreated. People with DR whose sight is at risk can be treated, most commonly with laser, to prevent v...

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a common symptom of diabetes which is one of the world’s leading causes of blindness. There are many techniques and algorithms that helps to diagnose DR in retinal fundus images. This paper reviews, classifies and compares the algorithms and techniques previously proposed in order to develop better and more effective algorithms.

Diabetic vascular complication is a leading cause of acquired blindness, end-stage renal failure, a variety of neuropathies and accelerated atherosclerosis, which could account for disabilities and high mortality rates in patients with diabetes. Chronic hyperglycemia is essentially involved in the development and progression of diabetic micro- and macroangiopathy. Among various metabolic derang...