the aim of this study is to evaluate the sport marketing mix and its seven elements (product, price, promotion, place, public relations, people, and physical evidence) in iran’s volleyball super league from the viewpoint of ministry of sport and volleyball federation managers in two conditions, namely existing and optimal. for this purpose, 102 subjects, among them the official staffs in the mi...

In this paper we develop an economic order quantity model to investigate the optimal replenishment policies for instantaneous deteriorating items under inflation and trade credit. Demand rate is a linear function of selling price and decreases negative exponentially with time over a finite planning horizon. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. Under these conditions, we model the ret...

We consider the optimal economic dispatch of power generators in a smart electric grid for allocating power between generators to meet load requirements at a minimum total cost. The first algorithm presented, is a distributed algorithm for frequency control and optimal dispatch, where, each generator independently adjusts its power-frequency set-point to erase power imbalance and load fluctuati...

Binary Search Trees are a frequently used data structure for rapid access to the stored data. Data structures like arrays, vectors and linked lists are limited by the trade-off between the ability to perform a fast search and resize easily. They are an alternative that is both dynamic in size and easily searchable. Due to efficiency reason, complete and nearly complete binary search trees are o...

Determining processes constraining adaptation is a major challenge facing evolutionary biology, and sex allocation has proved a useful model system for exploring different constraints. We investigate the evolution of suboptimal sex allocation in a solitary parasitoid wasp system by modelling information acquisition and processing using artificial neural networks (ANNs) evolving according to a g...

In multivariate matching, fine balance constrains the marginal distributions of a nominal variable in treated and matched control groups to be identical without constraining who is matched to whom. In this way, a fine balance constraint can balance a nominal variable with many levels while focusing efforts on other more important variables when pairing individuals to minimize the total covariat...

Information opacity leads to information asymmetry. In this situation, in providing their own financial needs, firms face limitations and inevitably provide their financial needs from the debt market by signalling private information to it. In addition, information opacity affects the leverage adjustment speed. This research investigates the effect of information opacity on deviation from targe...