Thermo-hydrodynamic performance of hydrodynamically and thermally developing single-phase flow in an array of rectangular mini-channels has been experimentally investigated. The array consists of fifteen rectangular parallel mini-channels of width 1.1±0.02 mm, depth 0.772±0.005 mm (hydraulic diameter 0.907 mm), inter-channel pitch of 2.0 mm, machined on a copper plate of 8.0 mm thickness and ha...

slow sand filters are as a proper technology for pre-treatment of raw water, with a fine and medium trubidity in small communities in developing countries. thus, with a minimum operation cost and minimum need for expest bodies have the maximum efficiency. the purpose of this research is carried out to evaluate the efficiency of two processes of horizontal flow roughing filter and vertical flow ...