using the optimum control procedure, the present paper is concerned with the effects of trade liberalization on both government and private expenditures in iran. an appropriate analytical consisting of ten equations is specified throgh which significant estimation results are obtained, using econometric method over the 1959-86 period. the model is utilized to explore how any change in control v...

In recent y ears there has been a revival of interest in the trade-growth nexus. A number of authors have suggested that regional economic integration and liberalization of international trade are likely to have positive eects not only on productivity levels but also on long-term productivity growth rates in developing countries. Using a panel of Mexican manufacturing industries, this paper exa...

BACKGROUND Trade liberalization is promoted by the World Trade Organization (WTO) through a complex architecture of binding trade agreements. This type of trade, however, has the potential to modify the upstream and proximate determinants of tuberculosis (TB) infection. We aimed to analyse the association between trade liberalization and TB incidence in 22 high-burden TB countries between 1990 ...

BACKGROUND Central America has undergone extensive trade liberalization over the past two decades, and has recently signed a Free Trade Agreement with the United States. The region is also experiencing a dual burden of malnutrition with the growth of dietary patterns associated with the global 'nutrition transition'. This study describes the relationship between trade liberalization policies an...

Although it is often argued that liberalization provides opportunities for growth and development in all over the world, there are divergent views about the effects of agricultural trade liberalization on growth and income distribution in developing countries. The developing countries’ main complaint in this regard is that trade distorting activities in agriculture by developed countries advers...

Using a simple general equilibrium model with two countries and two sectors including one manufacturing sector producing (vertically) differentiated products, we first show that an international barrier to trade in the manufacturing sector creates inter-industry trade, whereas an international barrier to trade in the other sector generates intra-industry trade among vertically differentiated pr...

We use mixed-complementarity-problem programming to implement tariff rate quotas (TRQs) in the global computable general equilibrium (CGE) LINKAGE model. We apply the approach to TRQs in sugar markets in OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries. We calibrate the model on 2000 policy levels for OECD countries to reflect the full implementation of their World Trade O...