this study intended to develop a model describing speaking strategies for efl learners by taking into account the effects of learners’ gender and proficiency on the application of strategies. accordingly, this study was planned to have two main analyses, namely qualitative and quantitative. in this respect, 30 efl learners' viewpoints were sought, and then, based on the elicited responses, a 21...

The increasing demand for an increasing array of special forest products is forcing forest landowners and managers to address special products within ongoing management and silvicultural activities. Strategies can vary from single species management in agricultural or near agricultural operations to complex forest management strategies which move special products across an ownership or landscap...

Most of the literature on impression management considers direct tactics such as selfpromoting by mentioning personal achievements and ingratiating by complimenting others. These direct tactics can backfire if the target recognizes the hidden motive behind them. Therefore, people often use indirect impression management tactics. Previous research has shown that people promote themselves indirec...