We have correlated the membrane properties and synaptic inputs of interplexiform cells (IPCs) with their morphology using whole-cell patch-clamp and Lucifer yellow staining in retinal slices. Three morphological types were identified: (a) a bistratified IPC with descending processes ramifying in both sublaminas a and b of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and an ascending process that branched i...

OBJECTIVES To describe and understand varieties and characteristics of sensitization contributing to hyperalgesia in participants with chronic pain conditions. METHODS Thermal stimulation was delivered to the face, forearm, and calf of pain-free participants and individuals with irritable bowel syndrome, temporomandibular pain disorder (TMD), and fibromyalgia syndrome (FM). Three-second conta...

Definition 1.1 (Series). Fix a group G and subgroups H ≤ K ≤ G. An ascending series connecting H and K, Ĝ∗ ↑ K H is a sequence of groups of the form: H = G0 E G1 E · · · E Gn−1 E Gn = K. Note it is only assumed that Gi is normal in Gi+1 and not neccesarily in G. If Gi E G for all i we call Ĝ∗ ↑ K H a normal series. A descending series connecting K and H, Ĝ∗ ↓ K H is a sequence of groups of the ...

Complete interruption of the aortic arch without a patent ductus arteriosus is compatible with survival for many years. This is demonstrated by the case reported herein and two others reported in the literature. With no connection between the ascending and the descending aorta and with both subclavian arteries coming off the descending aorta, blood supply to the entire body, except for the head...

Three rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained to respond to exemplars of 1, 2, 3, and 4 in an ascending, descending, or a nonmonotonic numerical order (1-->2-->3-->4, 4-->3-->2--1, 3-->1-->4-->2). The monkeys were then tested on their ability to order pairs of the novel numerosities 5-9. In Experiment 1, all 3 monkeys ordered novel exemplars of the numerosities 1-4 in ascending or descendi...

Patients with aortic pathology involving the ascending aorta, the arch, and the descending aorta present a complex surgical challenge. A one-step hybrid procedure with ascending aorta repair, arch debranching, and frozen elephant trunk is reported in five patients. Left subclavian artery side graft cannulation is used to perfuse the spinal cord during circulatory arrest time.

It is known that the integer partitions may be encoded as either ascending or descending compositions for the purposes of systematic generation. In this paper we give an efficient data structure for storing all ascending compositions of a positive integer. Using this structure, we improved the fastest known algorithm for generating integer partitions.

Ehrenfeucht's Conjecture is equivalent with the ascending chain condition for word equations. A related conjecture concerns the descending chain condition for word equations. We show that if this conjecture holds then an arbitrary in nite language L possesses a nite subset F such that the language L F is a disjoint union of its nite test sets. We prove this consequence of the descending chain c...