Generally, decomposition is a leverage to obtain the componential representation from a whole. After the decomposition step is executed, the decomposed components can be individually selected, grouped, and analyzed based on the properties of interest. According to Hoffman and Singh’s theory [1], there are at least three factors that determine the salience of a part: the protrusion, the boundary...

All countries have a formal economy and an informal economy. But, on average, in developing countries the relative size of the informal sector is considerably larger than in developed countries. This paper argues that this has important implications for housing policy in developing countries. That most poor households derive their income from informal employment effectively precludes income-con...

There appear to be two modes of stereoscopic processing: a conventional linear operation that is dependent on correspondence between local luminance components in the two eyes' views, and a non-linear or second-order processing mode. This second mode may use disparity information provided by particular 'non-Fourier' features of the stimulus such as the contrast envelope. Preliminary results sug...

Differential tax analysis is used to show how the socially optimal fiscal-tax to liquidity-tax ratio changes with the relative size of the tax-evading hidden economy. The smaller the relative size of the hidden economy, the larger the optimal fiscal-tax to liquidity-tax ratio. The empirical cross-section and panel evidence supports this theoretical result. JEL: E31, E52, H21, O17

The upper displacement limit for motion was compared with the upper disparity limit for stereopsis using two-frame random dot kinematograms or briefly presented stereograms. dmax (the disparity/displacement at which subjects make 20% errors in a forced-choice paradigm) was found to be very similar for motion and stereo at all dot densities, and to fall with increasing dot density (0.006% or two...

We present a new algorithm for mining frequent itemsets. Past studies have proposed various algorithms and techniques for improving the efficiency of the mining task. We integrate a combination of these techniques into an algorithm which utilize those techniques dynamically according to the input dataset. The algorithm main features include depth first search with vertical compressed database, ...

For testing the programs students were screened for their space perception, and then performed paper tests. One group was permitted to practice using the virtual reality programs; the other used only traditional tutorial methods. A second paper test was then performed. The evaluation of the two tests showed that the possibility of using the virtual reality programs increased the space perceptio...

We analyze the asymptotic behavior of the antiplane deformations of a fragile material reinforced by a reticulated elastic structure. The microscopic geometry of this material is described by means of two “small” parameters: the size ε of the periodic grid and the ratio δ between the thickness of each of the fibers and their period of distribution. We show that this behavior depends dramaticall...

PURPOSE To review what is known about the normal maturational sequence for fusion and stereopsis and the binocular sensory deficits associated with accommodative esotropia (ET) and to explore the clues that accommodative ET provides about critical periods for binocular sensory function. METHODS Studies of binocular sensory function during infancy and early childhood are presented. RESULTS M...

Obstacle detection and classification in a complex urban area are highly demanding, but desirable for pedestrian protection, stop & go, and enhanced parking aids. The most difficult task for the system is to segment objects from varied and complicated background. In this paper, a novel position-based object segmentationmethod has been proposed to solve this problem. According to the method prop...