Injury to an immature permanent tooth may result in cessation of dentin deposition and root maturation leaving an open root apex and thin dentinal walls that are prone to fracture. Endodontic treatment is often complicated and protracted with an uncertain prognosis frequently resulting in pre-mature tooth loss. There are several advantages of promoting apexogenesis in immature teeth with open a...

Odontogenic myxomas are rare benign mesenchymal tumours of head and neck with a potential for local infiltration and recurrence. They appear to originate from the dental papilla, follicle or periodontal ligament in mandible and less commonly the maxilla. These usually present in second or third decade of life as slowly progressive space occupying lesion in the jaw giving a mixed radiopaque-radi...

Dens invaginatus is a rare developmental malformation resulting from an alteration in the normal growth pattern of the dental papilla. Teeth in both maxillary and mandibular arches may be affected, but the permanent maxillary lateral incisors are the most frequently involved teeth. The invagination ranges from slight accentuation of a lingual pit to an anomaly occupying most of the crown and ro...

Dens invaginatus is a malformation of teeth probably resulting from an infolding of the dental papilla during tooth development. Affected teeth show a deep infolding of enamel and dentine starting from the foramen coecum or even the tip of the cusps, and which may extend deep into the root. Teeth most affected are maxillary lateral incisors and bilateral occurrence is not uncommon. The malforma...

Introduction: Dilated odontoma is the most severe form of a dens invaginatus, which rare dental malformation resulting from an invagination enamel organ into papilla before calcification occurs. Observation: A healthy 7-years-old girl was referred to oral surgery department remove impacted causing delayed eruption right mandibular lateral incisor (tooth 42). The patient painless and lingual oss...

Background: Gingival overgrowth is a common clinical finding that most often represents reactive hyperplasia as a result of inflammatory gingival disease related to dental plaque. Irritation fibroma (IF), pyogenic granuloma (PG), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) are non-neoplastic enlargements of the gingiva that are categorized as reactive hyperpla...

Introduction: It is important to preserve epithelial and connective tissue attachment at its original level after periapical surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the periodontal parameters after using the papilla base flap and the sulcular full-thickness flap procedures. Methods: Fourteen healthy patients with no periodontal disease referred for surgical treatment of periapical lesions...