Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune mediated neurodegenerative disease characterized by demyelination and oligodendrocyte (OL) loss in the central nervous system and accompanied by local inflammation and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. Although many risk factors and symptoms have been identified in MS, the pathology is complicated and the cause remains unknown. It is also unclear ...

Nerve conduction studies are an essential part of the work-up of peripheral neuropathies. Many neuropathic syndromes can be suspected on clinical grounds, but optimal use of nerve conduction study techniques (in combination with needle electromyography) allows diagnostic classification and is therefore crucial to understanding and separation of neuropathies. Multifocal motor neuropathy, for exa...

OBJECTIVE To determine non-invasively the relation between the degree of axonal loss and the extent of demyelination in chronic lesions visible on MRI in patients with different subgroups of clinically definite multiple sclerosis using (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) and magnetisation transfer imaging (MT). Conventional MRI is unable to differentiate between the various patholog...

Axonal degeneration contributes to permanent neurological disability in inherited and acquired diseases of myelin. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as a major contributor to this axonal degeneration. It remains to be determined, however, if myelination, demyelination, or remyelination alter the size and distribution of axonal mitochondrial stationary sites or the rates of axonal mito...

The cuprizone model is a well-established and investigated paradigm to study demyelination and remyelination in rodents. Cuprizone is usually administrated by mixing in the powdered or pelleted rodent chow. However, since cuprizone is sensitive to the environment and the consumption of it varies between different animals, the major issue is the discrepancy in demyelination of the animals. This ...

Although multiple sclerosis (MS) has been considered a white matter disease, MS lesions are known to occur in grey matter. Recent immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated extensive grey matter demyelination in chronic MS. The most common lesion type consists of purely cortical lesions extending inward from the surface of the brain, this lesion subgroup is grossly underestimated by standard...