The quantitative relationship between higher education and economic growth in the tradition of “growth accounting equations” and also “neoclassical production function” approach have occupied a pride of place in economics of education, particularly the literature on more developed countries. However, production function type models that allow for isolating the “indirect” (external) effects of h...

Many supply chain problems involve optimization of various conflicting objectives. This paper formulates a green supply chain network throughout a two-stage mixed integer linear problem with uncertain demand and stochastic environmental respects level. The first objective function of the proposed model considers minimization of supply chain costs while the second objective function minimizes CO...

In this paper, greening, pricing, and advertising policies in a supply chain will be examined with government intervention. The supply chain has two members. First, a manufacturer seeking to determine the wholesale price and the greening level and second, a retailer that has to determine the advertising cost and the retail price. The government is trying to encourage the manufacturer to green t...

This paper proposes an advanced distribution automation planning problem in which emergency-based demand response plans are incorporated during service restoration process. The fitness function of this planning problem consists of various costs associated with fault occurrence in electric distribution systems consisting of the total yearly cost of customers’ interruptions, the total annualized ...

iran’s economy is recognizes as a high inflationary country (for near almost all years after islamic revelation)  which is suffered to external shocks such as external  conflict interactions (for example war and sanctions) and   oil price shocks. therefore, analysis and estimation of money demand in iran should consider above issues in order to have efficient  money supply  policy. this paper, ...

the aim of this study was to represent effective componentsin demand chain which help organizations attain high performance levelsthrough identification of these components and determining theirdegree of importance. the following questions were major ideas of thisstudy: what are the most effective components in demand chain? andhow are they effective on organizational performance? to this end,m...

a model of the iranian wheat market is specified and fitted to data from 1981-2008. severaldiagnostic tests were employed in the analysis to determine the specification of the model. despitethe simplicity of the model and data problems, an examination of the econometric model leads toseveral conclusions with possible important policy implications for the wheat economy in iran.the general result...